公开(公告)号：US10718729B2

公开(公告)日：2020-07-21

申请号：US15547498

申请日：2015-06-08

Applicant: Metrolab

Inventor： René Tützauer ,  Jacques Pore ,  Marc Burier ,  Aurélie Pornin ,  Frédéric Lalloyer ,  Hervé Collard

IPC: G01R27/28 ,  G01N27/02 ,  B61K9/08 ,  G01N27/20 ,  B61L23/04 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G01L21/30 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/64 ,  B61L3/00 ,  B61L25/02 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J41/02

Abstract: An electrical detection device carried by a rail vehicle traveling on a railway track to detect faults in at least one rail, including a contact support suitable for being mechanically linked to the rail vehicle, at least one reference contact and corresponding measuring contact applied to a rail, and carried by the support, a processing circuit to which each reference contact and measuring contact are connected, suitable for measuring the impedance between the corresponding reference and measuring contacts, means for positioning the contact support facing the surface of the rail in a measurement direction corresponding to the axis of the rail, such that each first reference contact and each corresponding measuring contact relate to the same rail, and at least two measuring contacts transversely offset relative to the measurement direction, wherein the processing circuit includes means for measuring the impedance between at least one reference contact and each measuring contact.

公开(公告)号：US09995839B2

公开(公告)日：2018-06-12

申请号：US15311937

申请日：2015-05-22

Applicant: Gerd Reime

Inventor： Gerd Reime

IPC: G01R27/28 ,  G01V3/10 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G01R27/00 ,  G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/62 ,  H01J41/02 ,  H01J41/00 ,  G01N27/64

CPC classification number: G01V3/10 ,  G01N27/028 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/64 ,  G01R27/00 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G01R27/2611 ,  G01R27/267 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J41/02

Abstract: In a method for determining at least one physical parameter, a sensor unit which is activated by at least one periodic excitation (1.4) is provided, wherein the sensor unit has at least one detection region in which changes of the parameter in the surroundings of the sensor unit lead to output signal (1.7) from the sensor unit. The sensor unit is wired such that if there are no changes of the parameter in the detection region the output signal (1.7) is a zero signal or virtually a zero signal at the output of the sensor unit, whereas if there are changes of the parameter in the detection region the output signal (1.7) is a signal that is not zero and has a specific amplitude and phase. In a closed control loop, the non-zero signal in the receive path is adjusted to zero using a control signal to achieve an adjusted state even in the presence of changes of the parameter in the detection region. The control signal is evaluated in order to determine the physical parameter. The output signal (1.7) from the sensor unit is reduced substantially to the fundamental wave of the excitation (1.4) and the output signal (1.7) is controlled to zero in the entire phase space by means of at least one pulse width modulation. A temperature-stable, fully digital measuring system is provided as a result of the fact that the at least one pulse width modulation itself generates a correction signal with a variable pulse width and possibly a variable phase which is then added to the output signal (1.7) from the sensor unit and the output signal is thereby controlled to zero in the entire phase space, wherein the pulse width of the correction signal and/or the phase of the correction signal is/are determined by the deviations of the output signal (1.7) from zero.

公开(公告)号：US07378651B2

公开(公告)日：2008-05-27

申请号：US10529307

申请日：2003-09-05

Applicant: Roger Guevremont

Inventor： Roger Guevremont

IPC: B01D59/44 ,  H01J41/00

CPC classification number: G01N27/624

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for separating ions including a plurality of first electrode portions, each first electrode portion of the plurality of first electrode portions having a first length and an outer surface that is at least partially curved in a direction transverse to the first length. The apparatus also includes a plurality of second electrode portions arranged in an alternating sequence with the plurality of first electrode portions, each second electrode portion of the plurality of second electrode portions having a second length and an outer surface that is curved in a direction transverse to the second length, a space between the outer surface of a first electrode portion and the outer surface of an adjacent second electrode portion defining a portion of an analytical gap for separating ions. At least an electrical controller is provided for electrically coupling to at least one of the plurality of first electrode portions and the plurality of second electrode portions, for applying an asymmetric waveform voltage between the at least one of the plurality of first electrode portions and the plurality of second electrode portions and for applying a direct current voltage between the at least one of the plurality of first electrode portions and the plurality of second electrode portions so as to establish an electric field within the portion of the analytical gap. During use, ions propagating along a direction that is transverse to both the first length and the second length are separated in the portion of the analytical gap between the outer surface of the first electrode portion and the outer surface of the adjacent second electrode portion.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于分离包括多个第一电极部分的离子的装置，多个第一电极部分中的每个第一电极部分具有第一长度，并且外表面在横向于第一长度的方向上至少部分地弯曲。 该装置还包括与多个第一电极部分交替地排列的多个第二电极部分，多个第二电极部分的每个第二电极部分具有第二长度，并且外表面在横向于 第二长度，第一电极部分的外表面与限定用于分离离子的分析间隙的一部分的相邻的第二电极部分的外表面之间的空间。 至少提供电控制器以电耦合到多个第一电极部分和多个第二电极部分中的至少一个，用于在多个第一电极部分和多个第一电极部分中的至少一个之间施加非对称波形电压 并且用于在所述多个第一电极部分中的所述至少一个与所述多个第二电极部分之间施加直流电压，以便在所述分析间隙的所述部分内建立电场。 在使用过程中，沿着横向于第一长度和第二长度的方向传播的离子在第一电极部分的外表面和相邻的第二电极部分的外表面之间的分析间隙的部分中分离。

公开(公告)号：US5726076A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-10

申请号：US365242

申请日：1994-12-28

Applicant: G. William Tasker ,  Jerry Randall Horton

Inventor： G. William Tasker ,  Jerry Randall Horton

IPC: H01J9/12 ,  H01J43/24 ,  H01J49/02 ,  H01J41/00

CPC classification number: H01J43/246 ,  H01J49/025 ,  H01J9/12 ,  H01J2201/32 ,  H01J2201/3423

Abstract: The invention is directed to continuous dynodes formed by thin-film processing techniques. According to one embodiment of the invention, a continuous dynode is formed by reacting a chemical vapor in the presence of a substrate at a temperature and pressure sufficient to result in chemical vapor deposition. In another embodiment, the layer is formed by liquid phase deposition and in another embodiment, the layer is formed by nitriding or oxidizing a substrate.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及通过薄膜加工技术形成的连续倍增极。 根据本发明的一个实施方案，通过在足以导致化学气相沉积的温度和压力下在基板存在下使化学气相反应形成连续的倍增极。 在另一个实施方案中，该层通过液相沉积形成，并且在另一个实施方案中，该层通过氮化或氧化底物而形成。

公开(公告)号：WO2005091330A2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-29

申请号：PCT/US2002/011321

申请日：2002-05-28

Applicant: INFICON, INC.

Inventor： ELLEFSON, Robert, E. ,  FREES, Louis, C.

IPC: H01J41/00

CPC classification number: H01J41/04

Abstract: In an ionization gauge, the effect of X-rays emitted when a collimated electron beam strikes grid surfaces in the gauge structure is reduced by a louvered beam stop. The louvered beam stop creates shadow regions having no X-rays, thus minimizing the amount of X-rays striking the collector plate and reducing the X-ray effect portion of the residual current.

Abstract translation: 在电离规中，当准直电子束撞击规格结构中的栅格表面时发射的X射线的效应通过百叶窗光束阻挡而减小。 百叶窗光束光阑产生没有X射线的阴影区域，从而最小化撞击集电板的X射线量并减少剩余电流的X射线效应部分。

公开(公告)号：WO2003032362A2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-17

申请号：PCT/DE2002/003279

申请日：2002-09-05

Applicant: PATENT-TREUHAND-GESELLSCHAFT FÜR ELEKTRISCHE GLÜHLAMPEN MBH ,  SCHALLMOSER, Oskar

Inventor： SCHALLMOSER, Oskar

IPC: H01J41/00

CPC classification number: H05B41/2806 ,  H01J65/046 ,  H05B41/24 ,  Y02B20/22

Abstract: Die Erfindung schlägt vor eine längliche Elektrode einer dielektrischen Barriere-Entladungslampe durch eine Lücke (L) in zwei Teilelektroden (A, A') zu teilen. Die beiden Teilelektroden (A, A') werden während einer Zündphase derart angesteuert, dass im Bereich der Elektrodenlücke (L) eine Hilfsentladung zündet, die das Zünden der Hauptentladung (E), insbesondere wenn sich die Lampe im Dunkeln befindet, erleichtert. Im Normalbetrieb werden die Teilelektroden (A, A') so angesteuert, dass sie zur Erzeugung der Hauptentladung (E) beitragen.

Abstract translation: 本发明提出将介质阻挡放电灯的纵向电极隔开间隙（L）分成两个部分电极（A，A'）。 两个子电极（A，A'）在点火阶段被驱动，使得在电极间隙（L）的区域中存在引起主放电（E）打开的辅助放电，特别是 灯在黑暗中释放。 在正常操作中，驱动子电极（A，A'），以致它们有助于产生主放电（E）。

公开(公告)号：WO2005091331A2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-29

申请号：PCT/US2005/008003

申请日：2005-03-10

Applicant: HELIX TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION ,  ARNOLD, Paul, C. ,  RUTT, Paul, M.

Inventor： ARNOLD, Paul, C. ,  RUTT, Paul, M.

IPC: H01J41/00

CPC classification number: H01J41/04 ,  G01L21/32

Abstract: An ionization gauge for isolating an electron source from gas molecules includes the electron source for generating electrons, a collector electrode for collecting ions formed by the impact between the electrons and gas molecules, and an electron window which isolates the electron source from the gas molecules. The ionization gauge can have an anode which defines an anode volume and retains the electrons in a region of the anode. The ionization gauge can have a plurality of electron sources and/or collector electrodes. The collector electrode(s) can be located within the anode volume or outside the anode volume. The ionization gauge can have a mass filter for separating the ions based on mass-to-charge ratio. The ionization gauge can be a Bayard-Alpert type that measures pressure or a residual gas analyzer that determines a gas type.

Abstract translation: 用于从气体分子中分离电子源的电离计包括用于产生电子的电子源，用于收集由电子和气体分子之间的冲击形成的离子的集电极，以及将电子源与气体分子隔离的电子窗口。 电离计可以具有限定阳极体积并将电子保持在阳极区域中的阳极。 电离计可以具有多个电子源和/或集电极。 集电极可以位于阳极体积内或阳极体积外。 电离计可以具有用于基于质荷比分离离子的质量过滤器。 电离计可以是衡量压力的Bayard-Alpert型，也可以是确定气体类型的残留气体分析仪。

公开(公告)号：EP2260502B1

公开(公告)日：2023-05-03

申请号：EP09726197.8

申请日：2009-03-26

Inventor： FERRIS, Michael Laurence ,  CONTE, Andrea

IPC: H01J41/00

公开(公告)号：EP1853890B1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-15

申请号：EP06707346.0

申请日：2006-03-01

Applicant: Inficon GmbH

Inventor： KNAPP, Wolfram ,  WÜEST, Martin

IPC: G01L21/30 ,  G01L21/32 ,  G01L21/34 ,  H01J1/30 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J41/02 ,  H01J41/04 ,  H01J41/06 ,  H01J41/08 ,  H01J41/10 ,  H01J19/00 ,  H01J19/02 ,  H01J19/04 ,  H01J19/10

CPC classification number: G01L21/32 ,  G01L21/12 ,  H01J1/3042 ,  H01J41/04

Abstract: An electron-emitting cathode (6) consists of an electrically conducting emitter layer (7) attached to a side wall (2) which consists of stainless steel and a gate (9) which is fixed at a mall distance inside a concave emitter surface of the emitter layer (7). The cathode (6) surrounds a reaction area (3) containing a cylindrical grid-like anode (5) and a central ion collector (4) which consists of a straight axial filament. An ion collector current (lie) reflecting the densitiy of the gas in the reaction region (3) is measured by a current meter (11) while a gate voltage (VG) is kept between the ground voltage of the emitter layer (7) and a higher anode voltage (VA) and is regulated in such a way that an anode current (IA) is kept constant. The emitter layer (7) may consists of carbon nanotubes, diamond-like carbon, a metal or a mixture of metals or a semiconductor material, e.g., silicon which may be coated, e.g., with carbide or molybdenum. The emitter surface can, however, also be a portion of the inside surface of the side wall roughened by, e.g., chemical etching. The gate (9) may be a grid or it may be made up of patches of metal film covering spacers distributed over the emitter area or a metal film covering an electron permeable layer placed on the emitter surface.

公开(公告)号：EP0396843B1

公开(公告)日：1994-06-22

申请号：EP89420314.0

申请日：1989-08-25

Applicant: LEYBOLD INFICON INC.

Inventor： Gogol, Carl A.

IPC: G01N21/62 ,  G01N23/22 ,  H01J41/00 ,  G01L21/30 ,  G01N21/69

CPC classification number: G01L21/00 ,  G01N23/2251