Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus applies patterns to substrates, the substrates being processed as a plurality of lots (A, B, C…). Each lot of substrates receives a particular layer pattern under layer- specific operating conditions. A thermal model (300) is provided for modeling and compensating one or more characteristics of thermal behavior of components within the lithographic apparatus, in response to the varying layer-specific operating conditions associated with a sequence of lots. The thermal model is also used (528, 804, 804') to simulate thermal behavior of the apparatus when processing a given collection of lots in different possible sequences. Based on comparison of the simulated thermal behavior in different sequences of lots, an optimized sequence (534) is determined. Optionally, lot sequencing rules (530) are determined and used to obtain a preferred thermal behavior when processing a collection of lots in future.
Abstract:
A lithographic process is performed on a plurality of semiconductor wafers (900; 1020). The method includes selecting one or more of the wafers as sample wafers (910-914; 1030-1034). Metrology steps (922; 1042) are performed only on the selected sample wafers. Based on metrology results (924; 046) of the selected sample product units corrections are defined for use in controlling processing of the wafers or future wafers. The selection of sample product units is based at least partly on statistical analysis of object data (902; 1006) measured in relation to the wafers. The same object data or other data can be used for grouping wafers into groups. Selecting of sample wafers can include selecting wafers (910-914; 1030-1034) that are identified by said statistical analysis as most representative of the wafers in their group. The selecting of sample wafers can include elimination of product units (916; 036) that are identified as unrepresentative.
Abstract:
Performance measurement targets are used to measure performance of a lithographic process after processing a number of substrates. In a set-up phase, the method selects an alignment mark type and alignment recipe from among a plurality of candidate mark types by reference to expected parameters of the patterning process. After exposing a number of test substrates using the patterning process, a preferred metrology target type and metrology recipe are selected by comparing measured performance (e.g. overlay) of performance of the patterning process measured by a reference technique. Based on the measurements of position measurement marks and performance measurement targets after actual performance of the patterning process, the alignment mark type and/or recipe may be revised, thereby co-optimizing of the alignment marks and metrology targets. Alternative run-to-run feedback strategies may also be compared during subsequent operation of the process.
Abstract:
A lithographic process is performed on a set of semiconductor substrates consisting of a plurality of substrates. As part of the process, the set of substrates is partitioned into a number of subsets. The partitioning may be based on a set of characteristics associated with a first layer on the substrates. A fingerprint of a performance parameter is then determined for at least one substrate of the set of substrates. Under some circumstances, the fingerprint is determined for one substrate of each subset of substrates. The fingerprint is associated with at least the first layer. A correction for the performance parameter associated with an application of a subsequent layer is then derived, the derivation being based on the determined fingerprint and the partitioning of the set of substrates.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of determining a correction for a process parameter related to a lithographic process on a substrate and associated apparatuses. The lithographic process comprises a plurality of runs during each one of which a pattern is applied to one or more substrates. The method comprises obtaining pre-exposure metrology data describing a property of the substrate; obtaining post- exposure metrology data comprising one or more measurements of the process parameter having been performed on one or more previously exposed substrates; assigning to the substrate, a group membership status from a one or more groups, based on said pre-exposure metrology data; and determining the correction for the process parameter based on said group membership status and said post-exposure metrology data.
Abstract:
Measurements are obtained from locations across a substrate (W') before or after performing a lithographic process step. Examples of such measurements include alignment measurements made prior to applying a pattern to the substrate, and measurements of performance parameters such as overlay, after a pattern has been applied. A set of measurement locations (606, 606' or 606") is selected from among all possible measurement locations (302). At least a subset of the selected measurement locations are selected dynamically (202c), in response to measurements obtained using a preliminary selection (610) of measurement locations. Preliminary measurements of height can be used to select measurement locations for alignment. In another aspect of the disclosure, outlier measurements are detected based on supplementary data such as height measurements or historic data.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of determining a correction for a process parameter related to a lithographic process on a substrate and associated apparatuses. The lithographic process comprises a plurality of runs during each one of which a pattern is applied to one or more substrates. The method comprises obtaining pre-exposure metrology data describing a property of the substrate; obtaining post-exposure metrology data comprising one or more measurements of the process parameter having been performed on one or more previously exposed substrates; assigning to the substrate, a group membership status from a one or more groups, based on said pre-exposure metrology data; and determining the correction for the process parameter based on said group membership status and said post-exposure metrology data.
Abstract:
A lithographic process is performed on a set of semiconductor substrates consisting of a plurality of substrates. As part of the process, the set of substrates is partitioned into a number of subsets. The partitioning may be based on a set of characteristics associated with a first layer on the substrates. A fingerprint of a performance parameter is then determined for at least one substrate of the set of substrates. Under some circumstances, the fingerprint is determined for one substrate of each subset of substrates. The fingerprint is associated with at least the first layer. A correction for the performance parameter associated with an application of a subsequent layer is then derived, the derivation being based on the determined fingerprint and the partitioning of the set of substrates.
Abstract:
A lithographic process is performed on a plurality of semiconductor wafers (900; 1020). The method includes selecting one or more of the wafers as sample wafers (910-914; 1030-1034). Metrology steps (922; 1042) are performed only on the selected sample wafers. Based on metrology results (924; 1046) of the selected sample product units corrections are defined for use in controlling processing of the wafers or future wafers. The selection of sample product units is based at least partly on statistical analysis of object data (902; 1006) measured in relation to the wafers. The same object data or other data can be used for grouping wafers into groups. Selecting of sample wafers can include selecting wafers (910-914; 1030-1034) that are identified by said statistical analysis as most representative of the wafers in their group. The selecting of sample wafers can include elimination of product units (916; 1036) that are identified as unrepresentative.