Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for improving the colour brilliance and the stability of a colour polymer system which consists of a matrix and discrete polymer particles distributed in the matrix according to a defined space lattice structure, and is obtained by filming an emulsion polymer having a core/shell structure. The inventive method is characterised in that the emulsion polymer can be obtained by polymerisation of monomers in at least one first step (monomers of the core), further polymerisation of monomers in at least one other, second step (transition step), and final polymerisation of monomers in a third step (monomers of the shell). In relation to the percentual composition of the monomer mixture of the three steps, a maximum 30 wt. % of the monomers of the first step correspond to those of the third step and at least 5 wt. % of the monomers of the second step respectively correspond to those of the first and the third step. A maximum 60 wt. % of the monomers of the second step are monomers from either the first or the third step.
Abstract:
The invention relates to paper coating materials, comprising a polymer, dispersed in water, by means of polyvinyl alcohol as protective colloid (PVA-dispersed polymerisate for short).
Abstract:
The invention relates to an amplifying medium for solid-state dye lasers and a solid-state dye laser provided with said amplifying medium. Said amplifying medium comprises an essentially solid active medium, containing at least one sort of particles which can be activated and which can be stimulated to emit laser light of a particular wavelength and optical feedback means which define a resonator for the laser light. The feedback means comprises an essentially solid feedback medium which has a periodic structure. The amplifying medium is characterised in that the feedback medium is a polymeric dispersion film with a crystalline structure which particularly comprises core/shell particles which may be coated.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for producing polymers by aqueous emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, comprising at least one hydrophobic monomer with a solubility in water below 0.01 g/l at 25 °C (1 atm) and optionally one or multiple copolymerizable monomers therewith. The method is characterized in that polymerization is carried out in the presence of a non-cyclical polysaccharide capable of forming an inclusion compound. The invention further relates to the polymers obtained by the inventive method as well as to the use of said polymers.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la obtención de una dispersión acuosa de polímeros mediante polimerización de, al menos, un monómero B etilénicamente insaturado en medio acuoso en presencia de partículas de, al menos, un polímero A (partículas polímeras A) y de, al menos, un agente dispersante, caracterizado porque se lleva a cabo la polimerización de, al menos, un monómero B, etilénicamente insaturado, en presencia de partículas polímeras A con un diámetro de las partículas, promedio en peso, = 1 nm, habiéndose obtenido el polímero A bien a) mediante una polimerización iniciada con, al menos, un iniciador por medio de radicales o b) mediante una polimerización iniciada con, al menos, un complejo de metal de transición de al menos un monómero A etilénicamente insaturado (monómero A) y la polimerización de, al menos, un monómero B etilénicamente insaturado (monómero B) se inicia i) en el caso a) por medio de, al menos, un complejo de metal de transición y ii) en el caso b) por medio de, al menos, un iniciador por medio de radicales.
Abstract:
Process for improvement of the elasticity of a colored polymer system, which is composed of a matrix and of discrete polymer particles distributed in accordance with a defined spatial lattice structure in the matrix, and which is obtained by filming of an emulsion polymer with core/shell structure, where the emulsion polymer is obtainable via polymerization of monomers in at least one first stage (monomers of the core) and subsequent polymerization of monomers in at least one further, second stage (monomers of the shell), which comprises using monomers whose glass transition temperature is below 0° C. as at least 5% by weight of the monomers of the core.
Abstract:
Paper, board and cardboard are produced by adding (i) at least one retention aid and (ii) ionic, water-insoluble, uncrosslinked, organic microparticles which have an average particle size of less than 500 nm and a content of polymerized ionic monomers of less than 1% by weight or water-insoluble, uncrosslinked, organic microparticles having an average particle size of less than 500 nm and a content of polymerized ionic monomers of not more than 10% by weight, which are obtainable by polymerizing the monomers in the presence of silica, waterglass, bentonite and/or mixtures thereof, to a paper stock and draining the paper stock over a wire.
Abstract:
A method for the production of carbon monoxide/olefin copolymers in aqueous media in presence of metal complex catalysts, dispersants and optionally organic hydroxy compounds, in which copolymerization is also carried out in presence of water-soluble macromolecular compounds with a hydrophobic cavity and a hydrophilic envelope. A method for the production of copolymers of carbon monoxide and 2-20C olefinically-unsaturated compounds (CO/olefin copolymers) involves copolymerization in aqueous media in presence of: (a) metal complexes of formula (I); (b) a dispersant; (c) optionally an organic hydroxy compound; and (d) a water-soluble, macromolecular host compound with a hydrophobic cavity and a hydrophilic shell G = 5-, 6- or 7-membered carbocyclic ring system (optionally with heteroatom(s)), -(CRb2)r-, -(CRb2)s-Si(Ra)2-(CRb2)t-, -A-O-B- or -A-Z(R )-B-; R = H, 1-20C alkyl, 3-14C cycloalkyl, 6-14C aryl or (1-20C alkyl)-(6-14C aryl) (all optionally substituted with atoms of Group IVA, VA, VIA or VIIA elements), -N(Rb)2, -Si(Rc)3 or a group of formula (II); q = 0-20; A, B = -(CRb2)r'-, -(CRb)2)s-Si(Ra)2-(CRb2)t-, -N(Rb)- or a ring-system component with r', s or t atoms, or combined with Z to form a ring-component with (r'+1), (s+1) or (t+1) atoms; Ra, Rc = optionally substituted 1-20C alkyl, 3-14C cycloalkyl, 6-14C aryl or (1-20C alkyl)-(6-14C aryl); Rb = H, -Si(Rc)3 or groups as listed for Ra/Rc; r = 1, 2, 3 or 4; r' = 1 or 2; s, t = 0, 1 or 2; (s+t) = 1-3; Z, E , E = a non-metallic Group VA element; M = a Group VIIIB, IB or IIB metal; R -R = hydrocarbyl groups as listed above (e.g. for Ra), with the proviso that at least one of these groups contains hydroxy, amino or acid group(s) or an ionic functional group; L , L = formally charged or neutral ligands; X = a formally mono- or multi-valent anion; p, m, n = 0-4; p = m x n Independent claims are included for: (1) a method for the production of CO/olefin copolymers by copolymerization in aqueous media in presence of (a1.1) a Group VIIIB, IB or IBB metal in the form of a salt or complex salt, (a1.2) a chelate ligand of formula (R )(R )E -G-E )(R ) (III) and components (b), (c) and (d) as above; (2) aqueous copolymer systems obtained by these methods.
Abstract:
The invention relates to the use of cationically modified, particulate, hydrophobic polymers whose surface is cationically modified by coverage with cationic polymers and whose particulate size is between 10 nm and 100 um, as an additive for rinsing, cleaning and impregnating agents for hard surfaces. The invention also relates to rinsing, cleaning and impregnating agents containing said cationically modified, particulate, hydrophobic polymers.