Abstract:
A process for the preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane by oxychlorination of ethene in the presence of a copper-containing fixed-bed catalyst comprising a bed essentially consisting of catalyst particles which comprise, at least partially, support material impregnated with an active component and, if desired, a promoter, where the catalyst bed comprises essentially no separate inert material for dilution.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shaped catalyst for heterogeneously catalyzed reaction having improved characteristics, especially, reduced pressure loss. SOLUTION: The shaped catalyst for heterogeneously catalyzed reaction has the form of a hollow cylinder or annular tablet whose end surfaces are rounded both to the outer edge and to the edge of the central hole, i.e., have no right-angled edges.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for oxychlorination of ethyene on a fixed bed catalyst in which the oxychlorination can be carried out without additional particles of an inert diluting material even at a high space velocity in a reactor. SOLUTION: This method is to produce 1,2-dichloroethane by the oxychlorination of ethene in the presence of a copper-containing fixed bed catalyst comprising a bed essentially consisting of catalyst particles comprising, at least partially, a support material impregnated with an active component and, if desired, a promoter and the method is characterized in that the catalyst bed comprises essentially no separate inert material for dilution.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a catalyst for heterogeneously catalyzed reaction, containing an active component and a catalyst carrier containing δ-Al2O3 of the amount detectable by an X-ray diffraction method, particularly a catalyst for oxychlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane. SOLUTION: A carrier containing δ-Al2O3 is impregnated with copper salts, alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and rare earth metal salts, or their mixture as the active component.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a low-cost iron oxide-containing catalyst for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene easy to synthesize and having a large pore volume, high activity, selectivity and mechanical stability by using iron oxide obtained by spray-roasting an iron salt solution. SOLUTION: Iron oxide obtained by spray-roasting an iron salt solution is used for producing the objective iron oxide-containing catalyst. At this time, 0.6-1 g/cm3 stamp density and 1-10 m2/g specific surface area are provided. The pore volume of the catalyst is at least 0.2 cm3/g and the average pore diameter (median) is at least 0.3 μm. At least one potassium compound may be incorporated besides the iron oxide. One or more promoters which increase selectivity, activity and stability may further be incorporated and the particularly preferred promoter is a compound of a metal selected form Mg, Ca, Ce, V, Cr, Mo and W.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing organic isocyanates, said method consisting of the following steps: (a) a first partial quantity of chlorine containing
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalytically active composition containing Pd and Bi as active constituents, and at least one element selected from the group (a) consisting of Rh, Au, Sb, V, Cr, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Na, Cs and Ba; or Pd, Rh and Bi, and optionally an element selected from the group (a') consisting of Au, Sb, V, Cr, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pt, Cu, Ag, Na, Cs, Mg, Ca and Ba. The invention also relates to a method for dehydrating hydrocarbons, preferably oxofunctionalised hydrocarbons such as cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and isovaleraldehyde, by means of the catalytically active composition.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing chlorine by oxidising hydrogen chloride in the presence of a catalyst, whereby hydrogen chloride is not used in a gaseous form, but at least partially in the form of hydrochloric acid. In an especially preferred form of embodiment, the feed gas flow containing hydrogen chloride is obtained from phosgene and primary amines during the isocyanate synthesis, and the product gas flow containing chlorine is used to produce the phosgene which is subsequently reacted with the primary amines to form isocyanates. The invention thus also relates to an integrated method for producing organic isocyanates.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst for the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride, containing on a support: a) between 0.001 and 30 wt. % gold; b) between 0 and 3 wt. % one or more alkaline-earth metals; c) between 0 and 3 wt % one or more alkaline metals; d) between 0 and 10 wt. % one or more rare-earth metals; e) between 0 and 10 wt % one or more additional metals, selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver, copper and rhenium, whereby each quantity relates to the total weight of the catalyst.