Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To shift the absorption peak of a carotenoid in ultraviolet/visible range spectrum to deep side and obtain a new color by using an organic sulfur compound. SOLUTION: An organic sulfur compound (preferably lipoic acid and/or a lipoic acid derivative) is used as an agent for shifting the ultraviolet/visible range absorption of a carotenoid to deep side. The absorption peak of a carotenoid in ultraviolet/visible range spectrum is shifted to deep side by 1-100 nm by the use of the organic sulfur compound. The organic sulfur compound can be used in the form of a complex with a carotenoid, and a carotenoid preparation is produced by using the complex in combination with other assistant or additive. The contents of the carotenoid and the organic sulfur compound in the carotenoid preparation are preferably 0.01-25 wt.% and 0.1-40 wt.%, respectively. The preparation can be used as an additive for food, or the like.
Abstract:
The invention relates to aqueous polymer dispersions that can be obtained by polymerizing one or more olefins in the aqueous medium in the presence of dispersants and, optionally, in the presence of organic solvents. The polymerization of the olefin(s) ensues with the aid of a catalyst system based on transition metal complexes having neutral ligands and with the aid of an activator. Transition metal complexes of this type are used that, before being activated with the aid of the utilized activator, do not have any metal-carbon bonds.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to catalytic patterns, the active components of which are A) metal complexes of general formula (I), in which the substituents have the following notation: M is a metal of the subgroup III, IV, V or VI in the periodic table of the elements or a metal of the lanthanide series; Y is a negative nucleofuge atom or a negative leaving group; X and X are neutral atoms or negatively loaded atoms from the main group IV, V or VI in the periodic table of the elements; Z is hydrogen, C1- to C10-alkyl, C3- to C10-cycloalkyl, C1- to C10-alkoxy, C1- to C10-alkylthiolat or dialkylamide with, in each case, 1 to 4 C-atoms in the alkyl residues; R to R are hydrogen, organocarbon or organosilicon residues, n is 0, 1 or 2, the valence of M is (2+n), and B) a metallocenium-ionizing compound.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the production of aqueous polymer dispersions, by the polymerisation of one or more olefins in aqueous media in the presence of dispersing agents and optionally organic solvents, characterised in that the polymerisation of the olefin(s) is catalysed by means of one or more complex compounds of general formula (I), where at least one of the groups R1 to R9 must be in the form of a group of the following general formula (II) where Z=an electron-withdrawing group and n=a whole number from 1 to 5.
Abstract:
A method for the emulsion polymerization of one or more olefins by reacting a ligand of general formulae Ia and Ib or a mixture of at least two ligands Ia or Ib, wherein R respectively represents one or several of the following radicals; hydrogen, halogen, nitrile, C1-C12-alkyl groups, C1-C12-alkoxy groups, C7-C13-aralkyl groups, C6-C14-aryl groups, and wherein identical or different compounds of general formulae Ia and Ib can, optionally, be concatenated by one or several bridges, with a phosphine compound PR3′ and a metal compound of general formula M(L2)2 or M(L2)2 (L1)z, wherein the variables are defined as follows: M is a transition metal of groups 7-10 in the periodic system of the elements; L1 represents phosphanes (R5)xPH3-x or amines (R5)xNH3-x with identical or different radicals R5, ether (R5)2O, H2O, alkohols (R5)OH, pyridine, pyridine derivatives of formula C5H5-x(R5)xN, CO, C1-C12-alkylnitriles, C6-C14-arylnitriles or ethylenically unsaturated double bond systems, wherein x is a whole number ranging from 0-3, L2 represents halogenide ions R6xNH3-x, wherein x is a whole number ranging from 0 3 and R6 represents C1-C12-alkyl, and C1-C6-alkylane ions, allylane ions, benzylane ions or arylane ions, wherein L1 and L2 can be concatenated with each other by one or several covalent bonds, z is a number ranging from 0 4. The invention also relates to the immediate use of the reaction product in the polymerization or copolymerization of olefins in water or in a solvent mixture containing at least 50 vol. % water in the presence of an emulsifier and, optionally, in the presence of an activator.
Abstract:
Initiator systems for anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers with polar groups, containing A) a1) at least one starter having general formula R -M or R -M -RC, wherein R , R or R independently stand for branched or straight-chain alkyl radicals of 1-6 carbon atoms, aryl radicals of 6-20 carbon atoms or alkyl radicals with 1-6 carbon atoms carrying at least one phenyl radical and M stands for a metal selected from the group of alkaline metals, and M stands for a metal selected from the group of alkaline earth metals, or a2) as a starter "living" polymer chains, whose chain ends are possibly stabilized by sterically demanding and/or aromatic radicals and B) at least one alkaline (I) or alkaline earth metal alcoholate (II) or at least one alkaline (I) and at least one alkaline earth metal alcoholate (II) which have at least one amino or one phosphino substituent or at least one amino and one phosphino substituent.
Abstract:
PCT No. PCT/EP97/05201 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 14, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 14, 1999 PCT Filed Sep. 23, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/16564 PCT Pub. Date Apr. 23, 1998A catalyst system containing as active constituents A) metal complexes of the formula I wherein the substituents have the meanings set forth in the specification and B) a compound capable of forming metallocenium ions.