Abstract:
하기단계를포함하는, 멤브레인 M 의제조방법: a) 적어도하나의중합체 P 및적어도하나의용매 S 를포함하는도프용액 D 를제공하는단계, b) 적어도하나의응고제 C 를상기도프용액 D 에첨가하여상기도프용액 D 로부터상기적어도하나의중합체 P 를응고시켜, 멤브레인 M 을수득하는단계, 상기적어도하나의용매 S 는 50 중량% 초과의적어도하나의하기화학식 (I) 에따른화합물을포함함:(식중, R및 R는독립적으로 C내지 C알킬이고, R은 H 또는지방족잔기 (rest) 로부터선택되고, R는 H 또는지방족잔기로부터선택되고, AO 는하나이상의알킬렌옥시드를나타내고, n 은 0 내지 100 의수임).
Abstract:
An aqueous polishing composition comprising (A) abrasive particles and (B) an amphiphilic nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of water-soluble or water-dispersible surfactants having (b1) hydrophobic groups selected from the group consisting of branched alkyl groups having 10 to 18 carbon atoms; and (b2) hydrophilic groups selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene groups comprising (b21) oxyethylene monomer units and (b22) substituted oxyalkylene monomer units wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, alkyl-cycloalkyl, alkyl-aryl, cycloalkyl-aryl and alkyl-cycloalkyl-aryl groups, the said polyoxyalkylene group containing the monomer units (b21) and (b22) in random, alternating, gradient and/or blocklike distribution; a CMP process for substrates having patterned or unpatterned low-k or ultra-low-k dielectric layers making use of the said aqueous polishing composition; and the use of the said aqueous polishing composition for manufacturing electrical, mechanical and optical devices.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para procesar la biomasa que contiene celulosa. que comprende la etapa de someter una mezcla de tratamiento que comprende dicha biomasa que contiene celulosa, agua y ácido sulfúrico a una temperatura en el intervalo de 100 5 ºC a 220 ºC a una presión en el intervalo de 100 a 4.000 kPa, en el que la presión se selecciona de manera que al menos una parte del agua esté en estado líquido para generar una biomasa que contiene celulosa tratada, en el que dicha mezcla de tratamiento comprende además uno o más compuestos de fórmula (I)**Fórmula** en la que en la fórmula (I) R1 y R2 se seleccionan independientemente del grupo que consiste en hidrógeno, metilo, etilo, propilo y butilo, cada Rx en cualquiera de dichos grupos x (II)**Fórmula** es independientemente del significado de Rx en los otros grupos (II) seleccionados del grupo que consiste en hidrógeno, metilo, etilo y propilo x es un número entero de 50 a 250, y además comprende una etapa de sacarificación de la biomasa que contiene celulosa tratada para que se formen glucosa y/u otros azúcares.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing ether carboxylates of formula Ill (see formula III) comprising reacting the compound of formula IV: (see formula IV) with a base by using a transition metal catalyst which is present as Raney metal, wherein the pressure in the reaction vessel is less than 10 bar.
Abstract:
Described are a method for processing cellulose-containing biomass and the use of methanesulfonic acid for processing cellulose-containing biomass, especially for the pretreatment of cellulose-containing biomass prior to saccharification.
Abstract:
The presently claimed invention relates to a gear oil composition having a kinematic viscosity at 40 °C in the range of = 68 to = 1000 cSt when measured in accordance with ASTM D445. The gear oil composition is useful as a lubricant in a gear box, especially in a wind turbine gear box.