Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst for partially oxidizing hydrocarbons in the gas phase, containing a multi-metal oxide of the general formula (I), AgaMObVcMdOe * f H2O (I), wherein M stands for at least one element selected from among Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B, AI, Ga, In, Si, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, Zn, Cd, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and U, a has a value of 0.5 to 1.5, b has a value of 0.5 to 1.5, c has a value of 0.5 to 1.5, a+b+c has the value 3, d has a value of less than 1, e means a number that is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the formula (I), f has a value of 0 to 20, which multi-metal oxide exists in a crystal structure, the X-ray powder diffractogram of which is characterized by diffraction reflections at a minimum of 5 lattice distances selected from among d = 4.53, 3.38, 3.32, 3.23, 2.88, 2.57, 2.39, 2.26, 1.83, 1.77 Å (± 0.04 Å).
Abstract translation:一种用于烃的气相部分氧化催化剂包括通式(I)的多金属氧化物,AgaMObVcMdOe * F H 2 O(I)其中M是其中锂,钠,钾,铷,铯,铍,镁,钙的至少一个, 锶,钡,硼,铝,镓,铟,硅,锡,铅,磷,锑,铋,Y,钛,锆,铪,钒,铌,钽,铬,钨,锰,RE,铁,钌, 锇,钴,铑,铱,镍,钯,铂,铜,金,锌,镉,镧,铈,镨,钕,钐,铕,钆,铽,镝,钬,铒,铥,镱,路, U被选择的元素,一个具有0.5至1.5的值; b为0.5〜1.5的值,c具有从0.5至1.5,A + b + C的值 是3,D具有小于1的值,例如确定由其中,F为0至20的值,式(I)中氧以外的元素的化合价和频率定义的一个数,在 的晶体结构存在,其粉末X至少为5,在D的特征在于衍射峰= 4.53,3.38,3.32,3.23,2.88,2.57,2.39,2.26,1, 83,1.77埃(±0.04 A)中的晶面间距。
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing an alkali or earth alkali salt of an a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, wherein a) an alkene, carbon dioxide and a carboxylation catalyst is reacted to form an alkene/carbon dioxide/carboxylation catalyst adduct, b) using an auxiliary base, the adduct is decomposed into the auxiliary base salt of the a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid releasing the carboxylation catalyst, c) using an alkali or earth alkali metal base, the auxiliary base salt of the a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is reacted to form the alkali or earth alkali salt of the a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid releasing the auxiliary base. Salts of a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as in particular sodium acrylate, are required in large quantities, for example, for producing water-absorbing resins.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for the parallel preparation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a carbon-comprising product, wherein one or more hydrocarbons are thermally decomposed and at least part of the pyrolysis gas formed is taken off from the reaction zone of the decomposition reactor at a temperature of from 800 to 1400°C and reacted with carbon dioxide to form a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing an alkali or earth alkali salt of an a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, wherein a) an alkene, carbon dioxide and a carboxylation catalyst is reacted to form an alkene/carbon dioxide/carboxylation catalyst adduct, b) using an auxiliary base, the adduct is decomposed into the auxiliary base salt of the a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid releasing the carboxylation catalyst, c) using an alkali or earth alkali metal base, the auxiliary base salt of the a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is reacted to form the alkali or earth alkali salt of the a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid releasing the auxiliary base. Salts of a,ß-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as in particular sodium acrylate, are required in large quantities, for example, for producing water-absorbing resins.
Abstract:
A catalyst for the reforming of hydrocarbon-comprising compounds with CO2, water and/or hydrogen, a process for producing the same, and a process using the same for the reforming of the hydrocarbon-comprising compounds are provided. The production of the catalyst is based on contacting, intimately mixing and thermal treating of a hydrotalcite-comprising starting material with a fusible metal salt, which more preferably comprises nickel nitrate hexahydrate, to result in the metal salt melt. After molding and shaping, the compounds are subjected to high-temperature calcination step. In addition, the process using the catalyst for the reforming of the hydrocarbon-comprising compounds is carried out in a temperature range from 500 to 1100 °C at a pressure in the range from 2 to 70 bar. The catalyst is distinguished from the prior art by physicochemical properties.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process forpreparingfuran-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, comprising the following steps: preparing or providing a starting mixture comprising5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF),5,5'-[oxy-bis(methylene)]bis-2-furfural (di-HMF), and water,subjecting said starting mixture to oxidation conditions in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas and a catalytically effective amount of a heterogeneous catalyst comprising one or more noble metals on a support so that both HMF and di-HMF react to give furane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in a product mixture also comprising water and oxidation by-products. Moreover the present invention relates to the use of a catalyst comprising one or more noble metals on a support as an heterogeneous oxidation catalyst for catalyzing in an aqueous starting mixture the reaction of both HMF and di-HMF to furane-2,5-dicarboxylic acid.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for the parallel preparation of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a carbon-comprising product, wherein one or more hydrocarbons are thermally decomposed and at least part of the pyrolysis gas formed is taken off from the reaction zone of the decomposition reactor at a temperature of from 800 to 1400°C and reacted with carbon dioxide to form a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas).