Abstract:
The present invention relates to an integrated method for producing pulp and at least one organic liquid or liquefiable valuable material, in which a) a lignocellulosic starting material is prepared and subjected to disruption with an aqueous-alkaline treatment medium, b) from the disrupted material a cellulose-enriched fraction and a cellulose-depleted black liquor are isolated, c) the black liquor is subjected to a treatment with at least one organic liquid or liquefiable valuable material and at least one exhaust gas stream being obtained, d) at least one of the exhaust gas streams of step c) is recirculated to the method for producing pulp and utilized.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the parallel production of hydrogen (3) and of one or a plurality of carbon-containing products (8). In the method, hydrocarbons (2) are introduced into a reaction chamber (R) and are thermally decomposed into carbon and hydrogen in the presence of a carbon-rich granulated material (W). The invention is characterised in that at least a portion of the thermal energy necessary for the decomposition of the hydrocarbons is introduced into the reaction chamber (R) via a gaseous heat transfer medium.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing coated nanoparticles which comprise a core holding at least one first substance and at least one envelope from at least one additional substance that at least partially surrounds the core, in a fluid system. The invention also relates to nanoparticles obtainable by said method, to nanoparticles comprising a non-porous core that holds at least one first substance, and at least one envelope from at least one additional substance that at least partially surrounds the core, the nanoparticles having a narrow particle-size distribution. The invention finally relates to the use of the nanoparticles in photocatalysis and to a device for carrying out the method.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the parallel production of hydrogen and of one or more carbon-containing products. In the method, hydrocarbons are introduced into a reaction chamber (R) and are thermally decomposed into carbon and hydrogen in the presence of a carbon-rich granulated material (W). The invention is characterised in that at least a portion of the thermal energy necessary for the decomposition of the hydrocarbon is introduced into the reaction chamber (R) via a gaseous heat transfer medium.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a ferrous zeolite, wherein the number of iron centers, relative to the zeolite, is greater than the number of cation positions of the zeolite. The present invention further relates to a ferrous zeolite that can be produced by gas phase reaction with iron pentacarbonyl, comprising a greater specific surface area than analogous ferrous zeolites produced by ion exchange and/or more hydrothermally stable than analogous ferrous zeolites produced by ion exchange. The present invention further relates to a ferrous zeolite of BETA structure that can be produced by gas phase reaction with iron pentacarbonyl, wherein the number of iron clusters greater than 10 nm is less than 15 wt%, relative to the total amount of iron. The present invention further relates to a method for producing ferrous zeolithic material, characterized in that doping with iron takes place by means of a gas phase reaction using iron pentacarbonyl. The present invention further relates to a method for catalytically reducing nitrogen oxides by adding ammoniac and using catalysts comprising said ferrous zeolithic material.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la preparación de un material zeolítico que contiene hierro con las topologías CHA o LEV, caracterizado porque el dopaje con hierro se realiza a través de una reacción en fase gaseosa usando pentacarbonilo de hierro y el dopaje con hierro se realiza en dos etapas parciales (i) carga en fase gaseosa y (ii) descomposición térmica, caracterizado porque en otra etapa parcial (iii) se hace fluir a través del material zeolítico un gas portante con temperaturas de 500 a 1000 ºC a una presión de 10 a 1.000 kPa, en el que se usa como gas portante vapor de agua.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for parallel preparation of hydrogen and one or more carbonaceous products, in which hydrocarbons are introduced into a reaction space (R) and decomposed thermally to carbon and hydrogen in the presence of carbon-rich pellets (W). It is a feature of the invention that at least a portion of the thermal energy required for the hydrocarbon decomposition is introduced into the reaction space (R) by means of a gaseous heat carrier.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for performing endothermic process, characterized in that the annual average total energy required for the endothermic process originates from at least two different energy sources. One of the energy sources is an electrical energy source, the power of which varies between 0 and 100% of the required total power, and three different energy modes individually can provide the total required power for the endothermic process: (i) exclusively electrical energy, (ii) a mixture of electrical energy and at least one additional non-energy source, or (iii) exclusively non-electrical energy. The transition time in which the change from one energy mode to another energy mode is completed 30 minutes at most.