Abstract:
An electron-emitting device having an electron-emitting region between electrodes on a substrate where the electron-emitting region contains fine particles dispersed therein at an areal occupation ratio of the fine particles ranging from 20 % to 75 % of the electron-emitting region is disclosed. The other electron-emitting device where the electron-emitting region contains fine particles being arranged at gaps of from 5 .ANG. to 100 .ANG. and having average particle diameter of from 5 .ANG. to 1000 .ANG. is also disclosed. Electron beam-generating apparatus and image-forming apparatus comprise one of the electron-emitting regions and a modulation means for modulating the electron beams emitted from the electron-emitting devices in accordance with information signals.
Abstract:
An electron-emitting device having an electron-emitting portion between electrodes on a substrate comprises a region A and a region B, the region A being electrically connected through the region B to at least one of the electrodes, electric conductivity s of the material mainly constituting the region A and electric conductivity of the material s mainly constituting the region B being in the relation of s > s , and the region A being the electron-emitting portion. An electron beam-generating apparatus and image-forming apparatus comprise the electron-emitting device and a modulation means for modulating the electron beams emitted from the electron-emitting elements in accordance with information signals.
Abstract:
The invention provides a cross section evaluating apparatus capable of analyzing the cross sectional structure in a state where the temperature of the specimen is regulated. There is disclosed an information acquisition apparatus comprising a stage for placing the specimen, temperature regulation means for regulating the temperature of the specimen, exposure means for exposing a surface, of which information is desired, of the specimen, and information acquisition means for acquiring information relating to the surface exposed by the exposure means.
Abstract:
A method of producing a material capable of electrochemically storing and releasing a large amount of lithium ions is provided. The material is used as an electrode material for a negative electrode, and includes silicon or tin primary particles composed of crystal particles each having a specific diameter and an amorphous surface layer formed of at least a metal oxide, having a specific thickness. Gibbs free energy when the metal oxide is produced by oxidation of a metal is smaller than Gibbs free energy when silicon or tin is oxidized, and the metal oxide has higher thermodynamic stability than silicon oxide or tin oxide. The method of producing the electrode material includes reacting silicon or tin with a metal oxide, reacting a silicon oxide or a tin oxide with a metal, or reacting a silicon compound or a tin compound with a metal compound to react with each other.
Abstract:
An electron-emitting device includes a substrate (1), first and second carbon films (10) disposed so as to have a first gap (7) between the first and second carbon films on a surface of the substrate, and first and second electrodes (3,4) electrically connected with the first and the second carbon films respectively, wherein the carbon film has a region showing orientation, and a direction of the orientation is in an approximately parallel direction along the substrate surface. Thereby, it is possible to improve thermal and chemical stability of a carbon film and stabilize good electron emission characteristics over a long period.
Abstract:
There is provided an electron-emitting device with high electron emission efficiency and with stable electron emission characteristics over a long period. The electron-emitting device has a substrate (1), first and second carbon films (21b,21a) laid with a first gap (8) in between on the surface of the substrate (1), and first and second electrodes (4b,4a) electrically connected to the first carbon film (21b) and to the second carbon film (21a), respectively. In the electron-emitting device, the distal portion (B) of the first carbon film (21B) is located above the surface of the substrate (1) at a greater distance (Hb) than the distance (Ha) of the distal portion (A) of the second carbon film (21a) above the surface of the substrate (1). In use, to effect electron emission, a higher potential is applied to the first electrode (4b) than to the second electrode (4a). An electron source is provided having a multiplicity of these devices on a common substrate (1). Such an electron source is provided in image forming apparatus opposite to an image forming member.