Abstract:
This invention relates to a method for removing impurities from a brine solution, the brine solution comprising a water soluble chelating agent, the method comprising the steps of: a) adjusting the pH of the brine solution to a pH of from about 2 to about 4; b) passing the brine solution through a first functionalized resin; the first functionalized resin having functional groups capable of removing multivalent metal cations from the brine solution; c) adjusting the pH of the brine solution to a pH of from about 9 to about 11.5; and d) passing the brine solution through a second functionalized resin; the second funtionalized resin having functional groups capable of removing alkaline earth metal cations from the brine solution.
Abstract:
Large-Area lighting systems and methods of making the same. More specifically, groups of organic light emitting modules, such as organic light emitting diode modules, coupled in series with respect to on another are provided. The modules cathode of each organic light emitting module is electrically coupled to the anode of an adjacent light emitting module in an interconnect region. A portion of the cathode of each module extends adjacent to an active area of an adjacent module at an interconnect region. Methods of fabricating series groups of organic light emitting modules employing continuous material layers is also provided.
Abstract:
An organic light emitting device with a latent activator material is presented. An organic light emitting device including activation products of a latent activator material is also presented. Embodiments of patterned organic light emitting devices are also contemplated wherein patterning can occur prior or post fabrication of the devices. A method of fabricating an organic light emitting device with a latent activator material or with activation products of an activator material is also provided.
Abstract:
A light emitting device comprises a plurality of organic light emitting diode (OLED) modules. The OLED modules are arranged into a series group where the individual OLED modules are electrically connected in series. The device is configured to be coupled to a power supply. A display is also provided. The display includes a plurality of OLED modules arranged to depict a shape selected from the group consisting of at least one letter, at least one number, at least one image, and a combination thereof.
Abstract:
The method is provided for treating the surface of a polyetherimide substrate to improve its adhesion characteristics for electrolessly deposited metal, such as copper. There is employed a series of surface treatments including the initial immersion of the polyetherimide substrate in sulfuric acid, contact with aqueous base, such as potassium hydroxide, followed by oxidation with an alkali metal permanganate such as potassium permanganate, and surface treatment with a reducing agent, such as a hydroxylamine salt. Polyetherimide metal composites are also provided.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To significantly reduce or prevent the forming of an exudative mercurous and mercuric compounds due to oxidization of an element state mercury by introducing an inorganic or an organic antioxidant into a fluorescent or low-pressure mercury arc lamp. SOLUTION: When an antioxidant is introduced into a lamp structure or toxic exudative characteristics method testing solution, an ion or copper metal part is prevented from being oxidized to an oxidization form being soluble and having oxidization capability to a soluble oxidization mercury of an element state mercury. Therefore, production and dissolution of a soluble ferric and a cuprous compounds from a lamp part is decreased or prevented, and as a result, an exudative mercury compound is reduced and prevented. The antioxidant is selected from among groups consisting of an element-state iron, an ascorbic acid and an ascorbic acid sodium. Use of the ascorbic acid is preferable.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To sharply reduce or prevent the formation of leaching mercurons and mercuric compound by oxidation of element state mercury by preventing dissolution of iron and copper from a lamp part by introducing a free-oxygen scavenger to a mercury vapor discharge lamp. SOLUTION: When an oxygen control agent is introduced into a structure of a mercury vapor discharge lamp such as a fluorescent lamp or a test solution, oxygen usable for oxidation of a metallic part to an oxidizing shape having oxidizing capacity to soluble mercury oxide of soluble and element state mercury reduces. Therefore, generation and dissolution of soluble ferric compound and soluble cuprous compound from a lamp part is reduced or prevented, and as a result, a loading mercury compound is reduced or prevented. That is the formation of leaching mercury when the fluorescent lamp is disrupted and is exposed to a filling-up condition, can be prevented or restrained to the minimum extent by preventing oxidation of several pats of the lamp.
Abstract:
Methods for treating a semiconductor layer (110, 210) including a semiconductor material are presented. A method includes contacting at least a portion of the semiconductor material with a passivating agent. The method further includes forming a first region (112, 212) in the semiconductor layer (110, 210) by introducing a dopant into the semiconductor material; and forming a chalcogen-rich region. The method further includes forming a second region (114, 214) in the semiconductor layer (110, 210), the second region (114, 214) including a dopant, wherein an average atomic concentration of the dopant in the second region (114, 214) is greater than an average atomic concentration of the dopant in the first region (112, 212). Photovoltaic devices (100) are also presented.