公开(公告)号：US5539517A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-23

申请号：US392019

申请日：1995-02-21

Applicant: Dario Cabib ,  Zvi Friedman ,  Stephen G. Lipson ,  Robert A. Buckwald

Inventor： Dario Cabib ,  Zvi Friedman ,  Stephen G. Lipson ,  Robert A. Buckwald

IPC: C12Q1/68 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/76 ,  G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01N21/6456 ,  C12Q1/6883 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/1256 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/4406 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G06K9/00127 ,  G06K9/76 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01N2021/6423

Abstract: A method of analyzing an optical image of a scene to determine the spectral intensity of each pixel of the scene, which includes collecting incident light from the scene; (b) passing the light through an interferometer which outputs modulated light corresponding to a predetermined set of linear combinations of the spectral intensity of the light emitted from each pixel; focusing the light outputted from the interferometer on a detector array; and processing the output of the detector array to determine the spectral intensity of each pixel thereof. If the interferometer is of the moving type scanning in one dimension is required where the detector array is one dimensional, and no scanning when the detector array is two-dimensional. If the interferometer is of the non-moving type scanning is required in one dimension when the detector array is two-dimensional, and in two dimensions when the detector array is one-dimensional.

Abstract translation: 一种分析场景的光学图像以确定场景的每个像素的光谱强度的方法，其包括从场景收集入射光; （b）使光通过干涉仪，该干涉仪输出对应于从每个像素发射的光的光谱强度的预定的一组线性组合的调制光; 将从干涉仪输出的光聚焦在检测器阵列上; 以及处理检测器阵列的输出以确定其每个像素的光谱强度。 如果在检测器阵列是一维的情况下需要扫描一维的干涉仪，而检测器阵列是二维的则不需要扫描。 如果当检测器阵列是二维的时，如果干涉仪是一个维度中的非移动型扫描，并且当检测器阵列是一维的时在二维中。

公开(公告)号：US5144498A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-01

申请号：US480172

申请日：1990-02-14

Applicant: Kent D. Vincent

Inventor： Kent D. Vincent

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G02B5/28

CPC classification number: G01J3/51 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G02B5/284 ,  G01J2003/1226 ,  G01J3/513

Abstract: Light filter apparatus for receiving a light beam having wavelengths in a selected band and for dispersing the light into a plurality of rays, with each ray having a different wavelength for which the intensity peaks. The peak wavelength varies approximately continuously with displacement of spatial position in a chosen direction along the filter's light-receiving plane. In one embodiment, the filter is a modified etalon structure having at least two reflecting surfaces whose separation distance is not constant but increases or decreases monotonically with distance in a chosen direction in a light-receiving plane of the etalon. Each of these two reflecting surfaces may be planar or non-planar but continuous, or may have a step or staircase configuration. This structure may operate using transmitted light or reflected light. In a second embodiment, an edge filter combination is used to produce a narrow band of transmitted or reflected light having a variable central wavelength that varies with position along the chosen direction. In a third embodiment, a multi-layer thin film structure is used to provide a narrow band of transmitted or reflected light having a variable central wavelength. The filter may be combined with a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array of photosensor elements, which array may be linear, circular or generally curvilinear, one such element receiving a group of adjacent light rays of similar peak wavelength, to provide a plurality of different wavelength readings on an incident light beam for spectrophotometry or colorimetry analysis.

公开(公告)号：US5136168A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-04

申请号：US651317

申请日：1991-02-06

Applicant: R. Norris Keeler

Inventor： R. Norris Keeler

IPC: G01J1/58 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G02F2/02

CPC classification number: G02F2/02 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J2003/1252

Abstract: A method is provided in which the pulse stretching effects of radiation trapping can be minimized in atomic resonance filter detectors or QLORD filter detectors of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,292,526. The QLORD detector of this invention which consists of two spectral bandpass filters, one each located on either side of a transparent cell containing an alkali metal vapor (preferably cesium vapor), and responds to an incoming pulse in the visible part of the spectrum of light (actually 420 to 480 nm), emitting a pulse of infrared light. If the transparent cell contains alkali metal vapor only, the infrared light pulse will be stretched, because of resonant trapping within the alkali metal vapor. However, in accordance with the present invention, an inert buffer gas (namely helium) is added to the alkali metal vapor. This buffer gas allows the rapid leakage of infrared light photons from the wings of the energy spectrum, and hence a more rapid response to the incoming pulse. The present invention is particularly useful in overcoming "false alarms" such as bioluminescence signals when pulse stretching and external noise sources are superimposed, and when a rapid pulse repetition rate is useful.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种方法，其中在美国专利中描述的类型的原子共振滤波器检测器或QLORD滤波器检测器中可以最小化辐射捕获的脉冲拉伸效应。 第4,292,526号。 本发明的QLORD检测器由两个光谱带通滤光器组成，每个光谱带通滤光器分别位于含有碱金属蒸气（优选铯蒸气）的透明电池的两侧，并且响应于光谱的可见部分中的输入脉冲 （实际上是420〜480nm），发出红外光脉冲。 如果透明电池仅含有碱金属蒸气，则由于在碱金属蒸气中的共振捕获，红外光脉冲将被拉伸。 然而，根据本发明，向碱金属蒸气中加入惰性缓冲气体（即氦气）。 这种缓冲气体允许红外光子从能量谱的翅膀快速泄漏，因此对输入脉冲的响应更快。 本发明在克服脉冲拉伸和外部噪声源叠加时的生物发光信号以及快速脉冲重复率有用时特别有用。

公开(公告)号：US4851664A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-25

申请号：US213034

申请日：1988-06-27

Applicant: Harry Rieger

Inventor： Harry Rieger

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J3/12

CPC classification number: G01J3/12 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0214 ,  G01J1/0488 ,  G01J2003/1226

Abstract: An optical interference filter has narrow linewidth and wide acceptance ae and includes a hemisphere coated to provide a narrow bandpass filter at a desired wavelength at normal incidence while other wavelengths at normal incidence are absorbed or reflected. A photodetector placed at the center of the hemisphere detects the desired wavelength only. Other wavelengths that are shorter than the wavelength of the filter are transmitted through the filter to be absorbed by a black absorbing surface around the photodetector. Thus, only the frequency of interest at normal incidence provides a representative signal at the detector.

Abstract translation: 光学干涉滤光器具有窄的线宽和宽的接受角，并且包括半球，其被涂覆以在正常入射时以期望的波长提供窄带通滤波器，而在正常入射处的其它波长被吸收或反射。 放置在半球中央的光电检测器仅检测所需的波长。 比滤光器的波长短的其他波长透射通过滤光器，以被光电检测器周围的黑色吸收表面吸收。 因此，仅在正常入射处的感兴趣的频率在检测器处提供代表性的信号。

公开(公告)号：US4687335A

公开(公告)日：1987-08-18

申请号：US806961

申请日：1985-12-09

Applicant: Joseph E. Zupanick ,  Clarence Braun

Inventor： Joseph E. Zupanick ,  Clarence Braun

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/51

CPC classification number: G01J3/12 ,  G01J2003/1226 ,  G01J2003/1247 ,  G01N2021/6426

Abstract: A radiometer for detecting and measuring components of luminescence and reflected light contained in a light beam from a target which included means for sensing the temperature of an optical filter in the radiometer and for adjusting the angular position of the mount which carries the filter in response to the sensed temperature to thereby retune the filter to its center frequency when changes in temperature occur. Longitudinal movement of an adjustment rod changes the angular position of the mount. A micrometer means manually moves the rod in one embodiment while a motor moves the rod in a second embodiment. The rod carries a means for sensing the longitudinal position of the rod (hence the rotational position of the mount) and generates a signal representative thereof. A means on the mount senses the temperature of the filter and generates a signal representative thereof. The temperature and position signals are compared by a processing circuitry which outputs an error signal if the position of the mount does not match a predetermined temperature signal. This error signal the (1) directly operates a control mechanism to move the adjustment rod which rotates the mount to a new angular position to retune the center frequency of the filter or (2) is fed to a visual indicator, which is brought back to a desired reference point by rotating the micrometer.

Abstract translation: 一种用于检测和测量包含在来自目标的光束中的发光和反射光的分量的辐射计，其包括用于感测辐射计中的滤光器的温度的装置，并且用于调节承载过滤器的底座的角位置以响应于 感测到的温度，从而当出现温度变化时将过滤器重新调谐到其中心频率。 调节杆的纵向移动改变了安装座的角度位置。 在一个实施例中，千分尺意味着手动地移动杆，而在第二实施例中电动机移动杆。 杆承载用于感测杆的纵向位置的装置（因此安装件的旋转位置）并且产生代表其的信号。 安装件上的装置感测过滤器的温度并产生代表其的信号。 温度和位置信号通过处理电路进行比较，处理电路如果安装座的位置与预定温度信号不匹配则输出误差信号。 该错误信号指示（1）直接操作控制机构来移动将安装座旋转到新的角度位置的调节杆，以重新调节过滤器的中心频率，或者（2）被馈送到视觉指示器， 通过旋转千分尺来获得所需的参考点。

公开(公告)号：US4657398A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-14

申请号：US742775

申请日：1985-06-10

Applicant: Albert Brunsting

Inventor： Albert Brunsting

IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/427 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/59

CPC classification number: G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J2003/1234 ,  G01J3/0294 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N21/59

Abstract: Simultaneous multiple photometer measurements are made by simultaneously passing light to be measured through multiple light paths to different locations of a circularly variable filter; passing the light through the circularly variable filter at said locations; collecting the light passed through the circularly variable filter at each location; transmitting the light passed through the circularly variable filter to separate detectors; and measuring the light transmitted along each light path by said detectors.

Abstract translation: 通过将待测量的光通过多个光路同时传递到循环可变滤波器的不同位置来进行同时多个光度计测量; 在所述位置使光通过循环可变滤波器; 收集每个位置通过循环可变过滤器的光; 将通过循环可变滤波器的光透射到分离的检测器; 并且通过所述检测器测量沿着每个光路传输的光。

公开(公告)号：US4238141A

公开(公告)日：1980-12-09

申请号：US948454

申请日：1978-10-04

Applicant: Norman R. Greiner

Inventor： Norman R. Greiner

IPC: G02B5/18 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B27/00 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/10

CPC classification number: H01S3/0057 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G02B6/2861

Abstract: A device for delaying specified frequencies of a multiple frequency laser beam. The device separates the multiple frequency beam into a series of spatially separated single frequency beams. The propagation distance of the single frequency beam is subsequently altered to provide the desired delay for each specific frequency. Focusing reflectors can be utilized to provide a simple but nonadjustable system or, flat reflectors with collimating and focusing optics can be utilized to provide an adjustable system.

Abstract translation: 用于延迟多频激光束的指定频率的装置。 该装置将多个频率波束分离成一系列空间上分离的单个频率波束。 随后改变单个频率波束的传播距离，以为每个特定频率提供期望的延迟。 可以利用聚焦反射器来提供简单但不可调整的系统，或者可以利用具有准直和聚焦光学的平面反射器来提供可调整的系统。

公开(公告)号：US4176916A

公开(公告)日：1979-12-04

申请号：US777052

申请日：1977-03-14

Applicant: Frank M. Carpenter

Inventor： Frank M. Carpenter

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G02B5/28 ,  G02B7/00 ,  G02B5/22

CPC classification number: G02B26/008 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G02B5/28 ,  G01J2003/1243 ,  G02B7/006

Abstract: A cam filter wheel apparatus is disclosed for tilting interference filters in order to achieve variation in the light wavelength transmitted by each filter. The wheel apparatus contains a number of filters each mounted so as to pivot and change its inclination with respect to an incident light beam as the filter wheel rotates each filter through the light path. The pivot motion is achieved by a cam follower associated with each filter which rides on a stationary cam track.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于倾斜干涉滤波器以便实现由每个滤波器传输的光波长的变化的凸轮滤光轮装置。 车轮装置包括多个过滤器，每个过滤器安装成当过滤轮通过光路旋转每个过滤器时相对于入射光束枢转并改变其倾斜度。 枢转运动通过与每个过滤器相关联的凸轮从动件来实现，该每个过滤器骑在固定的凸轮轨道上。

公开(公告)号：US4015130A

公开(公告)日：1977-03-29

申请号：US620375

申请日：1975-10-07

Applicant: Robert Joseph Landry ,  Robert G. Bostrom ,  Richard W. Peterson

Inventor： Robert Joseph Landry ,  Robert G. Bostrom ,  Richard W. Peterson

IPC: G01J3/28 ,  A61N5/00 ,  G01J1/58 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/14 ,  G01J1/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/14 ,  G01J1/58 ,  G01J3/12

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring optical radiation which, in a preferred embodiment, takes the form of a biologically weighted ultraviolet radiant energy monitor which provides a direct indication of the hazards to humans from the ultraviolet radiant energy emanating from the optical radiation source being monitored. The source of radiation is first spectrally dispersed by passage through a suitable prism or diffraction grating. Portions of the spectrally dispersed radiation are mechanically masked in accordance with a predetermined biological weighting. The subsequent weighted output from the mechanical mask is then fed to a suitable detector. In the various embodiments of the ultraviolet hazard monitor, a quartz prism or diffraction grating spectrograph is utilized to spectrally disperse the incident radiation spatially and a plate coated with sodium salicylate or other suitable converter is placed in the exit plane of the spectrograph. The sodium salicylate plate fluoresces in the blue in response to incident ultraviolet radiation. The intensity of the biologically weighted blue light may then be conveniently and readily detected by a blue sensitive detector to provide an immediate readout of the potential ultraviolet radiation hazard from the unknown optical source.

Abstract translation: 一种用于监测光辐射的方法和装置，其在优选实施例中采取生物加权的紫外辐射能量监测器的形式，其提供从被监测的光辐射源发出的紫外线辐射能对人类的危害的直接指示。 辐射源首先通过合适的棱镜或衍射光栅进行光谱分散。 根据预定的生物加权机械地掩蔽光谱分散辐射的部分。 然后将来自机械掩模的随后的加权输出馈送到合适的检测器。 在紫外线危害监测器的各种实施例中，使用石英棱镜或衍射光栅光谱仪在空间上光谱地分散入射辐射，并且将涂有水杨酸钠或其它合适的转化器的板放置在光谱仪的出射平面中。 水杨酸钠板响应于入射的紫外线辐射而呈蓝色荧光。 然后可以方便地并且容易地通过蓝色敏感检测器检测生物重量的蓝光的强度，以便从未知光源立即读出潜在的紫外线辐射危害。

公开(公告)号：US3873825A

公开(公告)日：1975-03-25

申请号：US35873473

申请日：1973-05-09

Applicant: BELL TELEPHONE LABOR INC

Inventor： JONES ROBERT PATRICK ,  RENTZEPIS PETER MICHAEL

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G02B6/34 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H01S3/30 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04B9/00

CPC classification number: H01S3/0057 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G02B6/29373 ,  G02B6/4215 ,  H01S3/005 ,  H01S3/307 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H04J14/02

Abstract: Picosecond pulses produced from mode-locked lasers are passed through high Raman coefficient media in which a variety of Stokes and anti-Stokes frequency transitions result. The exiting pulse, which may have an envelope of the same order of magnitude time duration, contains a virtual continuum of wavelengths. The ''''white'''' pulse so produced is then spatially and/or phase divided into a series of ''''component'''' pulses each containing distinct spectral portions of that contained within the white pulse. Component pulses are then processed, for example, by passage through a sample or by passage through a modulator. Information so imparted, generally taking the form of an amplitude change, may serve to spectrally identify the nature of the sample or may serve a communications function.

Abstract translation: 由锁模激光产生的皮秒脉冲通过高拉曼系数介质，其中产生各种斯托克斯和反斯托克斯频率转换。 可能具有相同数量级持续时间的包络的退出脉冲包含虚拟的波长连续体。 然后将如此产生的“白色”脉冲在空间上和/或相位分成一系列“分量”脉冲，每个“分量”脉冲包含白色脉冲内包含的不同光谱部分。 然后，例如，通过样品或通过调制器处理分量脉冲。 通常以振幅变化的形式赋予的信息可以用于光谱地识别样品的性质或可以用于通信功能。