Abstract:
Catalysts and processes are described to make low molecular weight, essentially terminally-unsaturated, viscous poly(1-olefin) or copoly(1-olefin) having a high terminal vinylidine content from a feed stock containing one or more 1-olefin and other volatile hydrocarbon liquids using a Ziegler catalyst made from a Group IVb metallocene and an aluminoxane cocatalyst, particularly bis(cyclopentadienyl) and bis(indenyl) titanium(IV), zirconium(IV) or hafnium(IV) compounds and methylaluminoxane. A particularly useful feed stock is a refinery stream containing 1-olefins and isobutylene which is used to make polyisobutylene. The reactive, essentially terminally-unsaturated, viscous poly(1-olefin) or copoly(1-olefin) can be functionalized to make a number of products useful as sealants, petroleum additives, adhesives, and the like by reacting the terminal vinylidine linkage with an aromatic, an epoxidation agent, a silylation agent, maleic anhydride, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, hydrogen, a halogen, a hydrohalogen, and the like.
Abstract:
This invention provides a method for imparting invisible markings for identification purposes to petroleum hydrocarbons by incorporating one or more infrared fluorescing compounds therein. Certain infrared fluorophores from the classes of squaraines (derived from squaric acid), phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines are useful in providing invisibly marked petroleum hydrocarbons such as crude oil, lubricating oils, waxes, gas oil (furnace oil), diesel oil, kerosene and in particular gasoline. The near infrared fluorophores are added to the hydrocarbons at extremely low levels and are detected by exposing the marked hydrocarbon compositions to near infrared radiation having a wavelength in the 670-850 nm range and then detecting the emitted fluorescent light via near infrared light detection means.
Abstract:
Organosilicone materials that are "density-matched" to the hydrocarbon medium also act as defoamers in hydrocarbon fuel, specifically as described herein for diesel fuel. Specifically these new defoamers can be described as alkylmethylsiloxanes. They have the characteristics of being slightly soluble or insoluble in water and hydrocarbon fuels. By changing the solvent and the method of dispersion, different particle size distributions are obtained.
Abstract:
Fluid flow friction loss of a hydrocarbon liquid is improved by adding a small amount of a copolymer of divinylbenzene and a linear alpha-olefin or a copolymer of vinyl siloxane and a linear alpha-olefin to the liquid hydrocarbon. A preferred catalyst for producing these materials is also described.
Abstract:
This invention relates to methods and compositions for color stabilized distillate fuel oils which comprise adding an effective stabilizing amount of a combination of (a) a boron hydride-amine compound and (b) an organic silicon compound.
Abstract:
Disclosed are pour point depressants of the general, average formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is alkyl with 18 to 36 carbon atoms with the proviso, that at least 40% of the alkyl groups have at least 22 carbon atoms,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, methyl or an entity containing polar groups, it being possible for R.sup.2 to have different meanings within the average molecule,N.gtoreq.30 andM=0 to n/2.Also disclosed are crude oils containing from 0.005 to 0.15 weight percent of the above compounds and a process for reducing the pour point of crude oils by incorporating therein said compounds, optionally in a solvent.
Abstract:
A fuel composition for internal combustion engines, and more particularly, a fuel composition for internal combustion engines containing less than about 0.5 gram of lead per gallon of fuel is described. The fuel provides acceptable valve seat protection in engines designed to operate on leaded or unleaded fuels. Ordinarily, leaded fuels contain components to reduce deposits within the engine cylinders which unleaded fuels do not. As leaded fuels become unavailable, some refiners will add valve protecting components to the unleaded fuels to satisfy the leaded market. Such fuels will then potentially cause an increase in the octane requirement. This invention deals with polybasic carboxylate additives having valve seat protection properties which avoid or minimize the octane requirement increase.
Abstract:
A composition for viscous fluid coupling is described. The composition comprises a liquid organopolysiloxane and a reaction product of a liquid organopolysiloxane with an aromatic aminophenol in the presence of a quaternary phosphonium hydroxide. The composition is characterized by a long term stability, undergoing little torque variation even at elevated temperatures and high shear forces.
Abstract:
A lubricant additive produced by reacting an alcohol and a maleic anhydride-olefin copolymer reduces low temperature micro-crystalline wax formation in hydrodewaxed based stock.