公开(公告)号：US5311369A

公开(公告)日：1994-05-10

申请号：US723285

申请日：1991-06-28

Applicant: Jerry A. Gelbwachs

Inventor： Jerry A. Gelbwachs

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G02B5/20 ,  H04B10/158 ,  G02B27/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/675 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G02B5/202 ,  G01J1/0488 ,  G01J2003/1252 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: Two new passive atomic filters that operate at 422.67 nm and 460.73 nm respectively are disclosed. The filter wavelengths overlap Fraunhofer lines, thereby providing outstanding sunlight rejection. The new calcium filter utilizes collisional energy transfer with Xenon to wavelength shift the violet light to 657.28 nm. An internal photon conversion efficiency of 25% was recorded. The new strontium filter utilizes collisions with noble gases to produce emission at 689.26 nm. An internal photon conversion efficiency of 45% was recorded.

Abstract translation: 公开了分别在422.67nm和460.73nm操作的两个新的无源原子滤波器。 滤波器波长与Fraunhofer线重叠，从而提供出色的阳光抑制。 新的钙过滤器利用与氙气的碰撞能量转移来将紫色光波长移动到657.28nm。 记录了25％的内部光子转换效率。 新型锶过滤器利用与惰性气体的碰撞产生689.26 nm的发射。 记录45％的内部光子转换效率。

公开(公告)号：US5241178A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-31

申请号：US742052

申请日：1991-08-06

Applicant: John Shields

Inventor： John Shields

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/85

CPC classification number: G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01J2001/448 ,  G01J2003/1247 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0235 ,  G01N2021/3133 ,  G01N2021/3148 ,  G01N2021/3174 ,  G01N2021/8592 ,  Y10S250/91

Abstract: Apparatus for quantitative analysis of a material sample, such as whole grain, as a function of optical characteristics thereof includes a light source and a solid state detector of silicon or other suitable construction. A material sample is positioned between the light source and the detector, and light energy is focused through the sample onto the detector at a plurality of preselected wavelengths in the near-infrared range of 800-1100 nm. Illumination wavelength is selectively controlled by an opaque disc having a central axis and a plurality of apertures around the periphery at uniform radius from the disc axis. A plurality of filter elements are carried by the disc over respective ones of the peripheral apertures and have transmission characteristics corresponding to the plurality of preselected wavelengths. The filter elements are carried in a continuous circumferential array around the disc periphery, with the array including at least one opaque section for chopping light energy incident on the detector. The disc is rotated about its axis in a continuous motion so that each filter element in turn intersects light energy transmitted through the sample. Analysis electronics is responsive to light energy incident on the detector at the plurality of preselected wavelengths to indicate a preselected characteristic of the material sample.

Abstract translation: 作为其光学特性的函数的材料样品（例如全粒子）的定量分析的装置包括光源和硅或其他合适结构的固态检测器。 材料样品位于光源和检测器之间，并且光能量以800-1100nm的近红外范围内的多个预选波长通过样品聚焦到检测器上。 照明波长由具有中心轴和围绕圆周的多个孔的不透光盘选择性地控制，该圆周以与光盘轴线成均匀的半径。 多个滤光元件由盘承载在相应的外围孔上，具有对应于多个预选波长的透射特性。 过滤元件以围绕盘周边的连续圆周阵列承载，阵列包括用于切割入射在检测器上的光能的至少一个不透明部分。 盘以其连续运动的方式绕其轴线旋转，使得每个过滤元件依次与透过样品的光能相交。 分析电子学响应于在多个预选波长处入射到检测器上的光能，以指示材料样品的预选特性。

公开(公告)号：US5231461A

公开(公告)日：1993-07-27

申请号：US805244

申请日：1991-12-09

Applicant: Peter R. Silvergate ,  Edward F. Zalewski

Inventor： Peter R. Silvergate ,  Edward F. Zalewski

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/51

CPC classification number: G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01J3/513 ,  G01J2003/1213 ,  G01J2003/2826 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/501

Abstract: A method and system for calibrating color filters employed in polychromatic imaging of a subject includes a scanning mirror (28), telescope (30), filters (104), and a detector array (60) employed for both imaging and calibration processes. A bundle (44) of optical fibers is employed for producing a slit-shaped beam of solar rays which are collimated and applied to a diffraction grating plate (54) or prism (72) to produce a set of dispersed solar rays. The dispersion is based on color. In one position of the scanning mirror, rays from a subject (12) to provide an image are directed through the telescope and scanned across the filters (104) and detectors (102). In another position of the scanning mirror, the set of dispersed solar rays is scanned past the filters and the detectors. Imaging data outputted by the detectors is collected for producing an image (112) of the subject. Data of the dispersed rays is collected for calibrating the color filters. A stored reference color profile (92) of each filter is correlated with the calibration data ( 90) to obtain a set of correction terms which are employed for altering the image data to compensate for any drift in the color characteristics of the filters. A broad band detector detects Fraunhofer spectral lines to serve as a reference standard wavelength for alignment of the system.

Abstract translation: 用于校准用于对象的多色成像中的滤色器的方法和系统包括用于成像和校准过程的扫描镜（28），望远镜（30），滤光片（104）和检测器阵列（60）。 使用光纤束（44）产生准直并施加到衍射光栅板（54）或棱镜（72）的太阳光线的狭缝状光束，以产生一组分散的太阳光线。 色散基于颜色。 在扫描镜的一个位置，来自被摄体（12）的用于提供图像的光线被引导通过望远镜并扫过过滤器（104）和检测器（102）。 在扫描反射镜的另一个位置，分散的太阳射线被扫描通过过滤器和检测器。 收集由检测器输出的成像数据，以产生被摄体的图像（112）。 收集分散光线的数据以校准滤色器。 每个滤波器的存储的参考颜色分布（92）与校准数据（90）相关联，以获得用于改变图像数据以补偿滤波器的颜色特性中的任何漂移的校正项集合。 宽带检测器检测弗劳恩霍夫谱线，用作系统对准的参考标准波长。

公开(公告)号：US5216484A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-01

申请号：US805341

申请日：1991-12-09

Applicant: Tien-Hsin Chao ,  Li-Jen Cheng Cheng ,  Jeffrey W. Yu ,  James L. Lambert

Inventor： Tien-Hsin Chao ,  Li-Jen Cheng Cheng ,  Jeffrey W. Yu ,  James L. Lambert

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/35

CPC classification number: G01J3/1256 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01N21/359

Abstract: An improved AOTF-based imaging spectrometer that has ability to electronically set the bandpass wavelength of an AOTF to any desired value in its wide tuning range, provides significant observational flexibility. This allows observations to be tailored in real-time and enables the spectrometer to address a wide range of objectives and permits real-time modification of the observational parameters, such as in flight or in other situations in which only remote control is possible. Various improvements in optical architecture provide simplified magnification variability, improved image resolution and light throughput efficiency and reduced sensitivity to ambient light. A preferred embodiment employs a camera zoom lens as the input lens. A TeO.sub.2 AOTF and a relay lens are placed at selected distances behind the back focal plane of the input lens, respectively. A charge coupled device (CCD) camera, which comprises a camera, camera zoom lens and a CCD detector is placed at a selected distance behind the relay lens. An RF signal generator is used to drive the AOTF. Two embodiments of the invention are disclosed herein. One operates in the visible/near-infrared domain, in the wavelength range of 0.48 to 0.76 microns. The other operates in the infrared wavelength range of 1.2 to 2.5 microns.

Abstract translation: 一种改进的基于AOTF的成像光谱仪具有将AOTF的带通波长电子设置为其宽调谐范围内任何所需值的能力，提供了显着的观察灵活性。 这样可以实时观察观察结果，并使光谱仪能够处理各种各样的目标，并允许观察参数的实时修改，例如飞行中或只能进行遥控的其他情况。 光学架构的各种改进提供了简化的放大变化，提高了图像分辨率和光通量效率，降低了对环境光的敏感性。 优选实施例采用相机变焦镜头作为输入透镜。 TeO2 AOTF和中继透镜分别放置在输入透镜的后焦平面后面的选定距离处。 将相机，相机变焦镜头和CCD检测器的电荷耦合器件（CCD）照相机放置在中继透镜后面选定的距离处。 使用RF信号发生器来驱动AOTF。 本文公开了本发明的两个实施例。 一个在0.48到0.76微米的波长范围内在可见光/近红外区域工作。 另一个工作在1.2到2.5微米的红外波长范围内。

公开(公告)号：US5212536A

公开(公告)日：1993-05-18

申请号：US716873

申请日：1991-06-18

Applicant: Gary A. Ball ,  Richard A. Meinzer

Inventor： Gary A. Ball ,  Richard A. Meinzer

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J9/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J9/00

Abstract: A detector for laser radiation that detects the presence of above-threshold radiation in one of a set of wavelength ranges employs a set of Fresnel lenses designed to focus radiation in a particular band onto a metal-coated film. A series of Fresnel lenses is designed with constant focal lengths, but each lens is designed to have that focal length at a specific wavelength. Only when the wavelength of the incident radiation matches the design wavelength of the Fresnel lens will the film be marked or machined. Radiation of differing wavelengths will be defocused to a degree that will reduce the intensity below the level that will mark or machine the film. An electronic based version of this spectroscopy detector can also be implemented.

Abstract translation: 用于检测在一组波长范围中的阈值辐射的存在的用于激光辐射的检测器使用一组菲涅耳透镜，其设计成将特定带中的辐射聚焦到金属涂覆的膜上。 一系列菲涅尔透镜被设计成具有恒定的焦距，但是每个透镜被设计成具有特定波长的焦距。 只有当入射辐射的波长与菲涅耳透镜的设计波长相匹配时，膜才能被标记或加工。 不同波长的辐射将散焦到一定程度，这将降低低于标记或加工胶片的水平的强度。 也可以实现该光谱检测器的电子版本。

公开(公告)号：US5162654A

公开(公告)日：1992-11-10

申请号：US650393

申请日：1991-02-01

Applicant: Anthony J. Kostichka ,  Lloyd M. Smith

Inventor： Anthony J. Kostichka ,  Lloyd M. Smith

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N27/447

CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01N27/44721 ,  G01J2003/1226 ,  G01N2021/6421 ,  G01N2021/6441

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed to optically determine which of four fluorophores is attached to a band of DNA molecules on an electrophoresis gel. The apparatus includes four separate band pass interference filters and four wedge prisms to create four discrete areas of light on a detector. Digital comparison of the relative intensity of light sensed in the four discrete areas determines the identity of the excited fluorophore.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于光学确定四个荧光团中的哪一个附着到电泳凝胶上的DNA分子带上的装置。 该装置包括四个单独的带通干涉滤光器和四个楔形棱镜，以在检测器上产生四个离散的光区域。 在四个离散区域中感测的光的相对强度的数字比较确定激发的荧光团的身份。

公开(公告)号：US5160576A

公开(公告)日：1992-11-03

申请号：US664826

申请日：1991-03-05

Applicant: Michael Robbins

Inventor： Michael Robbins

IPC: G01B11/06 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/443 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G02B5/28

CPC classification number: G02B5/289 ,  G01B11/0683 ,  G01N21/67 ,  G01J2003/1213 ,  G01J3/443

Abstract: A method of optically detecting a change in intensity of an emission peak in a plasma process, such as a plasma etching process, by reflecting an emission spectrum of radiation from the plasma reaction off of a pair of rugate filters. The reflected emission spectrum has increased in-band reflections and decreased out-of-band reflections which provides reduced noise and an easier-to-detect emission peak. The method can be used for end-point detection in a plasma etching process such as etching of SiO.sub.2.

Abstract translation: 通过将来自等离子体反应的辐射的发射光谱反射离开一对贪婪滤光器，光电检测等离子体工艺中的发射峰值的变化的方法，例如等离子体蚀刻工艺。 反射的发射光谱具有增加的带内反射和减少的带外反射，其提供降低的噪声和更易于检测的发射峰。 该方法可用于诸如蚀刻SiO 2的等离子体蚀刻工艺中的端点检测。

公开(公告)号：US5123744A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-23

申请号：US617726

申请日：1990-11-26

Applicant: Jerome M. Welner

Inventor： Jerome M. Welner

IPC: G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J9/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/36 ,  G01J9/00 ,  G01J2003/123 ,  G01J2003/1239

Abstract: Each of three or more telescopic filters in pairs of filters and detectors therefor has very narrow passband lines centered about laser wavelengths and nearby guardbands. As defined, a passband is any wavelength region of the spectrum permitted by a system to pass through to a detector, and a guardband is a spectral region near but not including the laser lines of interest. Each laser wavelength is simultaneously detected in exactly two detectors. Associated with each wavelength is a guardband near that wavelength, which is used to detect and reject broader band radiation. False alarms are made rare by proper parameter selection.

Abstract translation: 成对的三个或更多个望远镜滤波器和检测器中的每一个具有以激光波长和附近保护带为中心的非常窄的通带线。 如所定义，通带是系统允许通过到检测器的频谱的任何波长区域，并且保护带是近似但不包括感兴趣的激光线的光谱区域。 在两个检测器中同时检测每个激光波长。 与每个波长相关联的是靠近该波长的保护带，其用于检测和拒绝更宽带辐射。 通过适当的参数选择使虚假警报变得罕见。

公开(公告)号：US5090807A

公开(公告)日：1992-02-25

申请号：US463277

申请日：1990-01-10

Applicant: Anthony M. Tai

Inventor： Anthony M. Tai

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  G06K9/74

CPC classification number: G06K9/74 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J2003/1278 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01N2201/067

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for forming a spectrally weighted value from received multispectral radiation. The spectral weighting is done optically prior to detection of the received radiation by dispersing the received multispectral radiation into a plurality of wavelength bin areas. This dispersed radiation is then passed through a weighting filter which includes first and second filter elements for each of the wavelength bin areas. The filtered radiation is then converged to corresponding detectors with the spectrally weighted value formed by the difference between the signals of the first and second detectors. A pair of filters, two detectors and a subtracter are employed to produce a generalized weight factor having positive or negative weights. This system can form one or more spectrally weighted values from the radiation from a single pixel, or one spectrally weighted value form the radiation from a plurality of pixels. The addition of a polarization filter permits the formation of spectrally weighted values for various polarizations of a single pixel.

Abstract translation: 本发明是一种用于从接收的多光谱辐射形成光谱加权值的装置。 在通过将接收的多光谱辐射分散到多个波长区域中之前，在检测接收的辐射之前光谱加权进行。 然后将该分散的辐射通过加权滤光器，该加权滤光器包括用于每个波长区域的第一和第二滤光器元件。 滤波后的辐射然后被收敛到具有由第一和第二检测器的信号之间的差异形成的频谱加权值的相应检测器。 使用一对滤波器，两个检测器和减法器来产生具有正或负权重的广义权重因子。 该系统可以形成来自单个像素的辐射的一个或多个光谱加权值，或者形成来自多个像素的辐射的一个光谱加权值。 添加偏振滤光器允许形成用于单个像素的各种偏振的光谱加权值。

公开(公告)号：US5081361A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-14

申请号：US584682

申请日：1990-09-19

Applicant: Harry Rieger

Inventor： Harry Rieger

IPC: G01J3/12

CPC classification number: G01J3/12 ,  G01J2003/1252

Abstract: An atomic resonance filter device. The device includes a bulbous shaped cell containing atomic vapor which converts narrow band received light into longer wavelength photons which are collected by an integrated sphere like housing and a spatial collecting cone to which passes the longer wavelength photons to a photodector. The housing has an inner reflective surface or coating which reflects received light and converted light frequencies. The housing opening is covered with a filter that passes the received light and blocks the spectrum of converted light. The inner surface of the filter is coated with a coating highly reflective to converted light. A light collecting cone with a cylindrical body portion is centrally positioned in the bottom of the cesium cell on the surface of the housing opposite the housing opening and the cylindrical portion passes through the wall of the housing to the exterior. Collecting cone improves light collection to the photodetector by about 50%. A filter that passes the converted light and reflects the received light is positioned between the output end of the light collecting cone exterior of the housing and a photodetector tube so that only converted light is received by the photodetector. The photodetector produces electrical signals related to information carried by the received light frequency.

Abstract translation: 原子共振过滤装置。 该装置包括一个包含原子蒸气的球状细胞，其将窄带接收的光转换成更长波长的光子，这些光子由集成的球体如壳体和通过较长波长的光子到达光电转换器的空间收集锥收集。 壳体具有反射接收的光和转换的光频率的内部反射表面或涂层。 外壳开口被覆盖有过滤器，该过滤器使接收到的光线通过并阻挡转换光谱。 过滤器的内表面涂覆有高度反射转化光的涂层。 具有圆柱形主体部分的集光锥体位于壳体的与壳体开口相对的表面上的铯电池的底部，并且圆柱形部分穿过壳体的外壁。 收集锥体将光收集器的光采集改善了约50％。 将经过转换的光并反射所接收的光的滤光器位于壳体的聚光锥外部的输出端和光电检测器管之间，使得只有转换的光被光电检测器接收。 光电检测器产生与由接收的光频携带的信息有关的电信号。