Abstract:
An emitter device including a focusing array with plural focusing columns to focus emissions from one or more emitters onto a target medium. Relative movement between the target medium and the focused emissions allows each focusing column to focus emissions over an area of the target medium encompassing the movement range. In a preferred embodiment, separate emitter, focusing array and target medium substrates are used. The focusing array may be moveable, or in a particularly preferred embodiment, is affixed to the emitter substrate, in which case the target medium substrate is movable or the focusing array includes beam direction control.
Abstract:
A virtual non-thermionic cathode has the position of a space charge cloud associated with it fixed by the geometry of a fixed insulating layer. The layer can be made to accurate dimensions and hence the cathode to control grid dimension can be accurately controlled and will not change as a result of any mechanical, electrical or physical changes in the construction. The fixed insulating layer is located on a surface of the control grid facing the cathode. A space charge layer is built up on the surface of the insulating layer facing the cathode, and thus emission from the cathode is stabilized.
Abstract:
The present invention comprises cyclotron display devices similar to cathode ray tubes (CRTs) in which the CRT electron gun is replaced by one or more cyclotrons that produce electrons using lower voltages and energy costs than a CRT electron gun does. This can be done both with monochrome and color displays, as disclosed. In addition, the electrons emerge from the cyclotron with adequate velocity, thus obviating the need for accelerating electrodes. The need for electron focusing is also greatly reduced, or eliminated, since the electrons emerge from the cyclotrons as beams, rather than as diffuse clouds. The cyclotron display assembly can be made to be significantly shorter than the conventional electron gun CRT. In addition, an array of cyclotrons, rather than just a single one, can be used, so that each cyclotron maps to a fractional portion of the video screen. This further shortens the length of the cyclotron display.
Abstract:
A data storage device including a substrate, a data storage layer on the substrate, and a spin-polarized electron source. The data storage layer comprises a fixed number of atomic layers of a magnetic material which provide the data storage layer with a magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to a surface of the data storage layer. A data magnetic field is created in the data storage layer. The data magnetic field is polarized either in a first direction corresponding to a first data value or in a second direction corresponding to a second data value. Data is stored in the data storage layer by providing a spin-polarized electron having an electron magnetic field with a direction of polarization corresponding to one of the first and the second data values, the electron having a wavelength "characteristic" of unpaired electrons in the data storage layer which cause the magnetic moment of the material, and directing the spin-polarized electron at the data magnetic field to impart the direction of polarization of the electron magnetic field to the data magnetic field. Data is read from the data storage layer by directing the spin-polarized electron at a second wavelength at the data magnetic field and detecting a deflection or attraction of the spin-polarized electron by the data magnetic field. Alternatively, data is read from the data storage layer by directing the spin-polarized electron at the data magnetic field so that the magnetic medium produces a secondary electron and then detecting certain characteristics of the secondary electron.
Abstract:
An electron gun (10) that suppresses the non-linear space charge forces and phase-dependant focusing forces that are chiefly responsible for the high emittance of conventional electron guns. The gun comprises a resonant microwave cavity (15), a cathode (12) mounted in the cavity wall, and a momentum analyzer system (17). The resonant microwave cavity, when supplied with microwave power, supports an electromagnetic field having a high-gradient electric component directed along an acceleration axis. The cavity is formed with an exit aperture (32) at a location relative to the cathode such that emitted electrons are accelerated along the axis and pass through the exit aperture. The cavity length is chosen to allow the microwave field within the cavity volume to accelerate the electrons to an energy of about 0.5-1.0 MeV prior to the electrons' passing through the aperture. Bunching is provided by the momentum analyzer. An electron emerging from the cavity has an energy determined by the phase of the microwave field at the time of that electron's emission. Those electrons having energies corresponding to the desired initial phase value are permitted to pass through the momentum analyzer, thereby forming a prebunched electron beam for injection into a linear accelerator.
Abstract:
Apparatus for producing fast, repetitive pulses of controllable length of an electron beam by phased energy storage in a transmission line of length matched to the number of pulses and specific pulse lengths desired.
Abstract:
An electron beam producing system for acceleration voltages in the order of magnitude of megavolts and beam powers in the order of magnitude of gigawatts, comprises a tubular housing of insulating material, in which adjacent to its one closed end a field emission cathode with a large surface area is arranged while at its other end, from which the electron beam emerges, an annular anode is arranged. A device serves for collimating the electrons emitted by the cathode to form a collimated electron beam. The device for collimating the electron consists of annular electrodes, which respectively comprise a part adjacent to their center opening and an outer part which is held on the housing and has a radial electrical passage extending towards the outside of the housing. The inner part of the electrode lying closest to the cathode has at least approximately the shape of a frusto-conical surface which tapers towards the cathode; in that the inner part of the remaining electrodes is flat or at least approximately frusto-conical and respectively lies in an equipotential surface of an electric field, which collimates the electrons, emitted by the cathode, to form a parallel beam. The housing is surrounded by a coaxial insulating casing with a clearance. The intermediate space between the outer surface of the housing and the casing is surrounded with an electrically conducting liquid with a relatively high specific resistance and at the axial ends has a respective connection electrode, which makes contact with the liquid, for the operating voltage and that the outer parts of the electrodes are so shaped that the radial passages end at those sites of the liquid filled intermediate space at which the fraction, provided for the relevant electrode, of the operating voltage obtains when the operating voltage is applied to the connection electrodes.
Abstract:
An electron source comprising a cathode in the form of a metal wire placed under tension and heated by an energy beam. The energy beam laterally impinges upon the metal wire which has a lateral emitting surface. The metal wire can be displaced along the location where the energy beam impinges without a slackening of the wire. This movement can be automatically controlled in response to the temperature of the metal wire.
Abstract:
A charged particle collector comprising a stack of apertured electrode plates which lie within an imaginary sphere is provided. The plate closet to a charged particle emitter forms a portion of the imaginary sphere and is at zero volts potential with respect to the emitter. The plate farthest away from the charged particle emitter is of conical shape with the apex pointing toward the emitter and includes a spike extending toward the emitter. The conical plate has either a negative or positive potential with respect to the emitter, depending on whether the charged particles are negative or positive. A plurality of intermediate apertured electrode plates are positioned between the plate which forms a portion of the sphere and the conical plate, each of the plates being at a slightly lower potential than the preceding plate moving in a direction toward the emitter. These intermediate plates approximate the shape of an equipotential line which would be plotted for the particular voltage applied to the plate.