公开(公告)号：US4615619A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-07

申请号：US613711

申请日：1984-05-24

Applicant: William G. Fateley

Inventor： William G. Fateley

IPC: G01J3/28 ,  G02F1/01

CPC classification number: G01J3/2846 ,  G02F1/0147 ,  G01J3/0229

Abstract: An improved masking device for optical-type radiations (e.g., infrared visible or ultraviolet) is provided and employed in improved optical apparatus, such as spectrometers, requiring alterable radiation masking. The masking device involves no movable parts, is adapted to operate in a fixed position and has radiation transmission and/or reflection characteristics which are selectively alterable merely by controlling electrical excitation applied to the device. The masking device typically has a plurality of separated and predisposedly offset, coplanar zones of solidified, electrooptically active material carried upon a typically transparent substrate and bounded by areas of an opaque material. The active material may be any of the crystalline or polycrystalline materials which have the property of changing their optical characteristic between being relatively transmissive and being relatively reflective and/or opaque for radiations of the wavelengths of interest, in response to alterations in the magnitude of electrical current passing through the material; for example, diachromic compounds such as vanadium dioxide, certain other transition metal compounds and certain organometallic complex compounds. The masking device can be rapidly altered by electrical control to accommodate computerization techniques and Hadamard transforms or analogous mathematical techniques of spectral analysis.

Abstract translation: 提供用于光学类型辐射（例如，红外可见光或紫外线）的改进的掩蔽装置，并用于需要可变辐射掩蔽的改进的光学装置，例如光谱仪中。 掩模装置不包括可移动部件，适于在固定位置操作并且具有仅通过控制施加到装置的电激励来选择性地改变的辐射透射和/或反射特性。 掩蔽装置通常具有多个分离且易于偏移的共面的固体，电光活性材料的共面区域，该区域承载在通常透明的基板上并且由不透明材料的区域限定。 活性材料可以是任何结晶或多晶材料，其具有改变它们的光学特性在相对透射之间并且对于感兴趣的波长的辐射具有相对反射性和/或不透明性的特性，响应于电气量的变化 电流通过材料; 例如二氧化锡化合物如二氧化钒，某些其它过渡金属化合物和某些有机金属络合物。 可以通过电气控制快速改变掩蔽装置，以适应计算机化技术和Hadamard变换或光谱分析的类似数学技术。

公开(公告)号：US4247202A

公开(公告)日：1981-01-27

申请号：US051702

申请日：1979-06-25

Applicant: Michael Failes

Inventor： Michael Failes

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/46 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0251 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/501 ,  G01J3/502 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J2003/467 ,  G01J3/465

Abstract: A novel apparatus for the measurement of color of a sample which comprises an illumination means to illuminate the sample, an electro-optical sensing head to receive the light from the illuminated sample and to output electronic signals and an electronic processing unit to process the signals. The light source may in the preferred embodiment be the sun or the sample itself and a reference optical path is used for reference which is the same optical path as the optical path from the light from the sample. The tristimulus values X, Y, Z and the chromaticity coordinates x, y of the sample with respect to the CIE standards for luminance and chromaticity values are produced for accurate color measurement.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测量样品颜色的新型装置，包括用于照射样品的照明装置，用于接收来自照明样品的光并且输出电子信号的电光感测头和用于处理信号的电子处理单元。 在优选实施例中，光源可以是太阳或样品本身，并且参考光路用于与来自样品的光的光路相同的光路。 产生三色刺激值X，Y，Z以及样品相对于用于亮度和色度值的CIE标准的色度坐标x，y，用于准确的颜色测量。

公开(公告)号：US4235518A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-25

申请号：US948375

申请日：1978-10-04

Applicant: Norman R. Greiner

Inventor： Norman R. Greiner

IPC: G01J3/12 ,  H01S3/10 ,  G02B5/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/1804 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J2003/1213

Abstract: A high efficiency laser spectrum conditioner for generating a collinear parallel output beam containing a predetermined set of frequencies from a multifrequency laser. A diffraction grating and spherical mirror are used in combination, to disperse the various frequencies of the input laser beam and direct these frequencies along various parallel lines spatially separated from one another to an apertured mask. Selection of the desired frequencies is accomplished by placement of apertures at locations on the mask where the desired frequencies intersect the mask. A recollimated parallel output beam with the desired set of frequencies is subsequently generated utilizing a mirror and grating matched and geometrically aligned in the same manner as the input grating and mirror.

Abstract translation: 一种用于产生包含来自多频激光器的预定频率组的共线并行输出光束的高效率激光光谱调节器。 组合使用衍射光栅和球面镜，以分散输入激光束的各种频率，并将这些频率沿着空间上彼此分离的多个平行线引导到有孔掩模。 所需频率的选择是通过将孔放置在掩模上的所需频率与掩模相交的位置处来实现的。 随后利用与输入光栅和反射镜相同的方式匹配和几何对准的反射镜和光栅来产生具有期望频率组的重新准直的并行输出光束。

公开(公告)号：US4193691A

公开(公告)日：1980-03-18

申请号：US792676

申请日：1977-05-02

Applicant: Earl J. Fjarlie

Inventor： Earl J. Fjarlie

IPC: G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/457 ,  G02F1/13

CPC classification number: G01J3/457 ,  G01J3/04 ,  G02F1/1313 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J3/0229

Abstract: The slit assembly of the present spectrometer comprises a liquid crystal cell. The electrodes of the cell are selectively actuated for producing a pattern of slits appropriate to the spectral lines of interest in the spectrum derived from the substance under analysis.

Abstract translation: 本光谱仪的狭缝组件包括液晶单元。 选择性地致动电池的电极以产生适合于所分析的物质衍生光谱的感兴趣光谱线的狭缝图案。

公开(公告)号：US4165180A

公开(公告)日：1979-08-21

申请号：US807435

申请日：1977-06-17

Applicant: Michael Failes

Inventor： Michael Failes

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/46 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0251 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/501 ,  G01J3/502 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J2003/467 ,  G01J3/465

Abstract: A novel apparatus for the measurement of color of a sample which comprises an illumination means to illuminate the sample, an electro-optical sensing head to receive the light from the illuminated sample and to output electronic signals and an electronic processing unit adapted to process the signals. The system uses, in the preferred embodiment, a moving spatial filter to modulate a spectrum and a masking means to selectively mask the light from the modulated spectrum. A reference optical path and reference light signals are produced for subsequent processing with the light from the sample, corrected for any errors produced and processed in an analogue electronic unit to produce the tristimulus values X, Y, Z and the chromaticity coordinates x, y of the sample with respect to CIE standards for luminance and chromaticity values.

Abstract translation: 一种用于测量样品颜色的新型装置，包括用于照射样品的照明装置，用于接收来自被照亮样品的光并且输出电子信号的电光感测头和适于处理信号的电子处理单元 。 在优选实施例中，该系统使用用于调制频谱的移动空间滤波器和用于选择性地掩蔽来自调制频谱的光的屏蔽装置。 产生参考光路和参考光信号，用于随着来自样品的光的后续处理，对在模拟电子单元中产生和处理的任何误差进行校正，以产生三刺激值X，Y，Z和色度坐标x，y 样品相对于CIE标准的亮度和色度值。

公开(公告)号：US3979694A

公开(公告)日：1976-09-07

申请号：US485361

申请日：1974-07-03

Applicant: Julius Goldhar ,  Eli Yablonovitch

Inventor： Julius Goldhar ,  Eli Yablonovitch

IPC: G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/18 ,  H01S3/00 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H05H1/22 ,  H01S3/101

CPC classification number: G01J3/18 ,  G21B1/23 ,  H01S3/0057 ,  H01S3/073 ,  G01J3/0229

Abstract: In a laser pulse generator, short pulses adjustable in the range between about 0.1 and 0.5 nanoseconds are produced by improved spectral filtering of the output of a gas breakdown switch. The spectral filter in one embodiment is a hot, linearly absorbing gas cell that passes both sidebands of the radiation producing the gas breakdown in the switch and that linearly absorbs the center frequency. A second embodiment uses a tandem dual-slit monochromator as the spectral filter in order to pass both sidebands. The hot gas cell is simpler, cheaper and characterized by a higher rejection ratio than any other alternative to date. It yields very clean pulses with a steeper leading edge than prior techniques. The leading edge is highly reproducible, as needed for nuclear fusion work. The advantage over prior pulsed CO.sub.2 lasers for nuclear fusion work is substantial, since those prior lasers have not achieved pulse durations less than one nanosecond.

Abstract translation: 在激光脉冲发生器中，通过对气体击穿开关的输出进行改进的频谱滤波来产生可在约0.1和0.5纳秒之间范围内调节的短脉冲。 一个实施例中的光谱滤波器是热的线性吸收气室，其通过辐射的两个边带，产生开关中的气体击穿并且线性吸收中心频率。 第二实施例使用串联双缝单色仪作为频谱滤波器，以通过两个边带。 热气单元比迄今为止任何其他替代方案更简单，便宜并且具有更高的抑制率。 它产生非常干净的脉冲，具有比现有技术更陡的前沿。 根据核聚变工作的需要，前沿是高度可重复的。 与现有的用于核聚变工作的脉冲二氧化碳激光器相比，优点在于现有的激光器未达到小于1纳秒的脉冲持续时间。

公开(公告)号：US3563663A

公开(公告)日：1971-02-16

申请号：US3563663D

申请日：1967-07-13

Applicant: BARRINGER RESEARCH LTD

Inventor： BARRINGER ANTHONY RENE

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01B9/02

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/021 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/453

Abstract: A SCANNING INTERFEROMETER OF THE MICHELSON TYPE WHEREIN THE PATH LENGTH DIFFERENCE OF THE TWO INTERFERING BEAMS IN THE INTERFEROMETER IS CONTINUOUSLY VARIED IN A PREDETERMINED MANNER, AND A ROTATABLE MIRROR IS PROVIDED FOR SCANNING OR DISPERSING THE EMERGENT, INTENSITY MODULATED LIGHT SYNCHRONOUSLY WITH THE VARYING PATH LENGTH DIFFERENCE ACROSS A MASK CONTAINING A SERIES OF LINES CORRESPONDING TO A PATTERN PRODUCED BY INTENSITY MODULATED LIGHT OF KNOWN SPECTRAL CONTENT.

公开(公告)号：US3458702A

公开(公告)日：1969-07-29

申请号：US3458702D

申请日：1965-08-24

Applicant: DRYDEN HUGH L ,  NASA

Inventor： AMEER GEORGE A ,  WALTERS RICHARD M

IPC: B64G3/00 ,  G01J3/00 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01T1/16 ,  G01J3/42 ,  H01J39/00

CPC classification number: B64G3/00 ,  B64G2700/00 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J2003/2866

公开(公告)号：US3454339A

公开(公告)日：1969-07-08

申请号：US3454339D

申请日：1966-05-27

Applicant: PERKIN ELMER CORP

Inventor： MARSHALL HAMILTON W JR ,  HELMS CHARLES C

IPC: G01J3/18

CPC classification number: G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/1804

公开(公告)号：US12092571B2

公开(公告)日：2024-09-17

申请号：US18316559

申请日：2023-05-12

Applicant: Masimo Corporation

Inventor： Björn Le Normand ,  Åke Forslund ,  Björn Danwihl

IPC: G01N21/3504 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01N33/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/3504 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0229 ,  G01J3/0264 ,  G01N33/004

Abstract: A solid-state gas spectrometer for detection of molecules of target gases. An emitter generates light having wavelengths both within and outside of one or more absorption bands of a target molecule. The light provided by the emitter passes through an airway adapter. A reflective beam splitter splits the light transmitted through the airway adapter, into two convergent beams each focused on a light detector. One of the light detectors, which is covered by a filter that rejects light having wavelengths within one or more absorption bands of the target molecule, serves as the sensing detector. The other light detector, which may or may not be covered by a filter, serves as the reference detector. The concentration of a target gas molecule in the gas sample is estimated based on a differential signal that is generated using the signals received from the reference and sensing detectors.