公开(公告)号：US5667300A

公开(公告)日：1997-09-16

申请号：US264164

申请日：1994-06-22

Applicant: Andreas Mandelis ,  Mahendra Munidasa

Inventor： Andreas Mandelis ,  Mahendra Munidasa

IPC: G01N25/18 ,  G01R31/265 ,  H01L21/66 ,  G01N25/20

CPC classification number: G01R31/2656 ,  G01N25/18 ,  H01L22/12

Abstract: There is provided a method of measuring thermal diffusivity of solids and electronic lifetimes and defect properties of semiconductors useful for in-situ, non-destructive monitoring of engineered materials and electronic substrates. The method, termed photothermal rate window method, involves irradiating a sample with a repetitive square laser pulse of duration .tau..sub.p and period T.sub.0 and monitoring the temperature profile by measuring the photothermal signal emitted from the sample. The period T.sub.0 of the repetitive heating pulse is maintained constant and the pulse duration .tau..sub.p is varied in the range between 0 and T.sub.0 with the temperature measured at each value of .tau..sub.p. The method of measuring semiconductor recombination lifetimes involves irradiating a sample and scanning one of either the period T.sub.0 and the pulse duration .tau..sub.p of the repetitive laser pulse with the other held constant. The photothermal signal emitted from the surface is measured. Defect energy states in semiconductors are measured by irradiating the sample with a repetitive laser pulse of duration .tau..sub.p and period T.sub.0 (both fixed) and monitoring the photothermal signal as the sample temperature is scanned. Defect levels are correlated with extremum in the profile. The photothermal signal in all the foregoing methods is input into a lock-in amplifier which measures the fundamental Fourier component of the signal. The output of the lock-in amplifier is fitted to a theoretical model of the photothermal response of a repetitively irradiated sample to obtain the thermal diffusivity, or the recombination lifetime.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种测量固体的热扩散率和半导体的电子寿命和缺陷特性的方法，可用于工程材料和电子基板的原位，非破坏性监测。 称为光热速率窗口法的方法包括用持续时间τp和周期T0的重复平方激光脉冲照射样品，并通过测量从样品发射的光热信号来监测温度分布。 重复加热脉冲的周期T0保持恒定，并且脉冲持续时间τp在0和T0之间的范围内变化，并且在τp的每个值处测量温度。 测量半导体复合寿命的方法包括照射样品并扫描重复激光脉冲的周期T0和脉冲持续时间τp中的一个保持常数。 测量从表面发射的光热信号。 通过用持续时间τp和周期T0（均为固定）的重复激光脉冲照射样品并在扫描样品温度时监测光热信号来测量半导体中的缺陷能量状态。 缺陷水平与轮廓中的极值相关。 所有上述方法中的光热信号被输入到测量信号的基本傅立叶分量的锁定放大器中。 锁定放大器的输出适用于重复照射的样品的光热响应的理论模型，以获得热扩散系数或复合寿命。

公开(公告)号：US4950897A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-21

申请号：US293276

申请日：1989-01-04

Applicant: Andreas Mandelis ,  Marek Mieszkowski

Inventor： Andreas Mandelis ,  Marek Mieszkowski

IPC: G01N21/17

CPC classification number: G01N21/1702 ,  G01N2021/1782 ,  G01N2021/1787

Abstract: A thermal wave three-dimensional imaging and tomography apparatus and a thermal wave detector therefor are provided. The apparatus includes a light source for generating a laser beam which is modulated and then focussed onto one side of a solid test material. A thin pyroelectric polymer electret (.beta.-PVDF) film having an electroded upper surface and an electrodeless lower surface supports the other side of the test material on its electroded surface. A single thin metal elongate pin or an array of thin metal elongate pins are disposed beneath the electrodeless lower surface. The pin or pins generate(s) signals upon detection of thermal waves passing through the solid test material resulting from the laser excitation due to the photopyroelectric (P.sup.2 E) effect. Since the pins are small, the signals generated by the pins represent local thermal wave progagation through the test material. The laser beam and the test material are moved relative to one another so that the laser beam scans substantially the entire one side of the test material. When using a single pin, the pin is moved with respect to the other side of the test material so that the pin scans the other side of the film to detect local thermal wave propagation through the test material during the entire scan of the laser beam on the test material. When using an array of pins, the array of pins remains stationary with respect to the other side of the material during the scan of the laser beam on the test material. The resulting signals generated by the pins during the laser beam scan are conveyed to a micro-computer via signal conditioning circuitry wherein a three-dimensional image of the test material subsurface structure is formed.

Abstract translation: 提供了热波三维成像和断层摄影装置及其热波探测器。 该装置包括用于产生激光束的光源，该激光束被调制然后聚焦在固体测试材料的一侧上。 具有电沉积的上表面和无电极下表面的薄的热电聚合物驻极体（β-PVDF）膜在其电沉积的表面上支撑测试材料的另一侧。 单个细金属细长销或细金属细长销的阵列设置在无电极下表面下方。 由于光电（P2E）效应，在检测到通过激光激发产生的固体测试材料的热波时，引脚或引脚产生信号。 由于引脚很小，由引脚产生的信号表示通过测试材料的局部热波程序。 激光束和测试材料相对于彼此移动，使得激光束基本上扫描测试材料的整个一侧。 当使用单个引脚时，引脚相对于测试材料的另一侧移动，使得引脚扫描薄膜的另一侧，以在激光束的整个扫描期间检测通过测试材料的局部热波传播 测试材料。 当使用引脚阵列时，激光束在测试材料上的扫描期间，引脚阵列相对于材料的另一侧保持静止。 在激光束扫描期间由引脚产生的所得到的信号通过信号调节电路传送到微型计算机，其中形成了测试材料地下结构的三维图像。

公开(公告)号：US09506808B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-29

申请号：US13697747

申请日：2011-05-13

Applicant: Jin-Seok Jeon ,  Andreas Mandelis ,  Stephen Abrams ,  Anna Matvienko ,  Koneswaran Sivagurunathan ,  Josh Silvertown ,  Adam Hellen

Inventor： Jin-Seok Jeon ,  Andreas Mandelis ,  Stephen Abrams ,  Anna Matvienko ,  Koneswaran Sivagurunathan ,  Josh Silvertown ,  Adam Hellen

IPC: G01J5/04 ,  A61B6/14 ,  G01N21/63 ,  A61B18/20 ,  G01J5/10 ,  A61B1/00 ,  A61B1/24 ,  A61B5/00 ,  G01J1/02 ,  G01J1/58 ,  G01J3/02 ,  H04N7/18 ,  A61B1/05

CPC classification number: G01J5/10 ,  A61B1/00177 ,  A61B1/05 ,  A61B1/24 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/0093 ,  A61B6/14 ,  A61B2018/202 ,  A61B2560/0233 ,  G01J1/0233 ,  G01J1/58 ,  G01J3/0272 ,  G01J5/048 ,  G01N21/63 ,  H04N7/18

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for performing photothermal measurements on a object. The apparatus, which may be provided as a handpiece, houses optical components including a laser, an infrared detector, a dichroic beamsplitter, and focusing and beam directing optics for the delivery of a laser beam to, and the collection of photothermal radiation from, a measured object. Some of the optical components may be provided on an optical bench that is directly attached to a thermally conductive tip portion for the passive heat sinking of internal optical components. The apparatus may further include a sampling optical element and a photodetector for the detection of luminescence, and a camera for obtaining an image of the object during a diagnostic procedure. The apparatus may be employed for the scanning of a tooth to determine an oral health status of the tooth.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于对物体进行光热测量的装置。 可以设置为手持件的装置容纳光学部件，包括激光器，红外检测器，二向色分束器以及聚焦和光束引导光学器件，用于将激光束传送到光热辐射和从其中收集光热辐射 测量对象。 一些光学部件可以设置在光学台上，其直接附接到用于内部光学部件的被动散热的导热末端部分。 该装置还可以包括用于检测发光的取样光学元件和光电检测器，以及用于在诊断过程期间获得物体的图像的照相机。 该装置可用于扫描牙齿以确定牙齿的口腔健康状况。

公开(公告)号：US20160213258A1

公开(公告)日：2016-07-28

申请号：US14979797

申请日：2015-12-28

Applicant: Bahman Lashkari ,  Andreas Mandelis ,  Kaicheng Zhang

Inventor： Bahman Lashkari ,  Andreas Mandelis ,  Kaicheng Zhang

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B1/04

CPC classification number: A61B5/0095 ,  A61B5/0033 ,  A61B5/0507 ,  A61B5/055 ,  A61B5/7228 ,  A61B5/7246 ,  A61B8/12 ,  A61B8/4494 ,  A61B8/5207 ,  A61B2576/00 ,  G01S15/8913 ,  G01S15/8915 ,  G01S15/8922 ,  G01S15/8961

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for imaging based on the generation and use of mismatched coded excitation signals. Cross-correlation properties of the received signal reveal the location and/or timing and/or properties of the source. The use of mismatched signals enables spatial and/or temporal and/or functional encoding of the transmitted signals. In some embodiments, high-speed imaging may be performed by employing mismatched codes for spatial and/or temporal encoding, and by employing a subset of transducer elements as transmitters, and another subset of elements as receivers. Various example embodiments of different types of mismatched codes are provided, including codes that employ multiple frequency chirps, codes that employ concatenated multi-frequency binary phase-coded waveforms, and chirped binary phase-coded waveforms.

Abstract translation: 本公开提供了基于错配编码激励信号的生成和使用的用于成像的系统和方法。 接收信号的互相关属性显示源的位置和/或时序和/或属性。 使用不匹配的信号可以实现发射信号的空间和/或时间和/或功能编码。 在一些实施例中，可以通过对空间和/或时间编码采用不匹配的代码，并且通过使用换能器元件的子集作为发射机，以及将元素的另一子集作为接收机来执行高速成像。 提供了不同类型的不匹配代码的各种示例实施例，包括采用多频率啁啾的代码，采用级联的多频二进制相位编码波形的代码和啁啾的二进制相位编码波形。

公开(公告)号：US09220415B2

公开(公告)日：2015-12-29

申请号：US13660771

申请日：2012-10-25

Applicant: Andreas Mandelis ,  Sergey Telenkov ,  Bahman Lashkari

Inventor： Andreas Mandelis ,  Sergey Telenkov ,  Bahman Lashkari

IPC: A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  G01N21/17 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G03B42/06

CPC classification number: A61B5/0095 ,  A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/14552 ,  A61B5/7235 ,  A61B5/7257 ,  G01N21/1702 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G03B42/06

Abstract: Systems and methods of frequency-domain photoacoustic imaging are provided utilizing an ultrasonic phased array probe and intensity modulated optical excitation with coding to improve signal-to-noise ratio. Embodiments employ frequency-domain photoacoustic imaging methodologies such as the photoacoustic radar, coupled with a multi-element ultrasonic sensor array to deliver spatially-resolved correlation images of photoacoustic sources, which may be employed to image optical heterogeneities within tissue-like scattering media.

Abstract translation: 利用超声波相控阵探头和具有编码的强度调制光激励来提供频域光声成像的系统和方法，以提高信噪比。 实施例采用频域光声成像方法，例如光声雷达，与多元超声波传感器阵列耦合，以提供光声源的空间分辨相关图像，其可用于在组织样散射介质内成像光学异质性。

公开(公告)号：US08649835B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-11

申请号：US12948525

申请日：2010-11-17

Applicant: Andreas Mandelis ,  Xinxin Guo

Inventor： Andreas Mandelis ,  Xinxin Guo

IPC: A61B5/1455

CPC classification number: A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/0093 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/7228 ,  G01D3/022 ,  G01D5/32 ,  G01D18/008 ,  G01T1/1603

Abstract: Methods are provided for the detection of an analyte in a sample using wavelength modulated differential photothermal radiometry with enhanced sensitivity. A wavelength modulated differential photothermal radiometry system, comprising two optical modulated beams, where each beam experiences different absorption by the analyte, is calibrated by controlling the relative phase difference between the modulated beams so that individual photothermal signals corresponding to each modulated beam are 180° out of phase, corresponding to peak sensitivity to analyte concentration. The system may be further calibrated by varying the relative intensities of the two modulated beams and measuring standards containing known analyte concentration in order to determine an optimal relative intensity for a given concentration range of interest.

Abstract translation: 提供了使用具有增强的灵敏度的波长调制差分光热辐射测量来检测样品中分析物的方法。 波长调制的差分光热辐射测量系统包括两个光调制光束，其中每个光束经受分析物的不同吸收，通过控制调制光束之间的相对相位来校准，使得对应于每个调制光束的各个光热信号为180° 的相位，对应于对分析物浓度的峰值敏感性。 可以通过改变两个调制束的相对强度和包含已知分析物浓度的测量标准来进一步校准系统，以便确定给定的感兴趣浓度范围的最佳相对强度。

公开(公告)号：US20130122468A1

公开(公告)日：2013-05-16

申请号：US13697758

申请日：2011-05-13

Applicant: Stephen Abrams ,  Koneswaran Sivagurunathan ,  Josh Silvertown ,  Jin-Seok Jeon ,  Andreas Mandelis

Inventor： Stephen Abrams ,  Koneswaran Sivagurunathan ,  Josh Silvertown ,  Jin-Seok Jeon ,  Andreas Mandelis

IPC: A61B5/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/4547 ,  A61B6/14 ,  A61B6/4488 ,  A61B6/463 ,  A61B6/468 ,  A61B6/5217 ,  A61C19/00 ,  G06Q50/22

Abstract: A method is provided for analyzing and displaying an oral health status of a tooth or an entire dentition based on a measurement with a diagnostic device. Diagnostic data pertaining to a selected tooth, tooth surface, section of tooth surface or numbers of teeth in a mouth is recorded from an oral health diagnostic device, optionally along with an image of the particular tooth or tooth surface examined. The diagnostic data is processed and compared with reference data to determine an oral health status of the tooth. The oral health status of the tooth is then displayed on an odontogram shown in a user interface. The user interface may also provide reports comparing changes in the measured data and/or images along with the therapies used, thereby enabling the measurement and tracking of outcomes from various therapies over time.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于基于使用诊断装置的测量来分析和显示牙齿或整个牙列的口腔健康状况的方法。 从口腔健康诊断装置记录与选定的牙齿，牙齿表面，牙齿表面或牙齿数量有关的诊断数据，可选地与被检查的特定牙齿或牙齿表面的图像一起记录。 处理诊断数据并与参考数据进行比较以确定牙齿的口腔健康状况。 然后将牙齿的口腔健康状况显示在用户界面中显示的odontogram上。 用户界面还可以提供比较所测量的数据和/或图像的变化以及所使用的疗法的报告，从而使得能够随着时间的推移来测量和跟踪各种疗法的结果。

公开(公告)号：US08306608B2

公开(公告)日：2012-11-06

申请号：US11488194

申请日：2006-07-18

Applicant: Andreas Mandelis ,  Stephen Abrams ,  Jin-Seok Jeon ,  Kiran Kulkarni ,  Anna Matvienko

Inventor： Andreas Mandelis ,  Stephen Abrams ,  Jin-Seok Jeon ,  Kiran Kulkarni ,  Anna Matvienko

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  G01N21/00 ,  A61C1/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/417 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/0452 ,  A61B5/7228

Abstract: There is provided a high-spatial-resolution dynamic diagnostic instrument which can provide simultaneous measurements of laser-induced frequency-domain infrared photothermal radiometric and alternating-current (ac) modulated luminescence signals from defects, demineralization, remineralization and caries in teeth intraorally. The emphasis is on the abilities of this instrument to approach important problems such as the detection, diagnosis and ongoing monitoring of carious lesions and or defects on the occlusal pits and fissures, smooth surfaces and interproximal areas between teeth which normally go undetected by x-ray radiographs or visual examination. The instrument is also able to detect early areas of demineralized tooth and or areas of remineralized tooth as well as defects along the margins of restorations. This capability of inspecting a local spot can be extended to a modulated imaging of sub-surface of target tooth by using a multi-array infrared camera. Two configurations of the instrument are presented.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种高空间分辨率动态诊断仪器，可以同时测量激光诱导的频域红外光热辐射和交流（ac）调制的发光信号，从缺陷，软化，再矿化和齿内牙龋。 重点在于该仪器能够处理重要问题，例如龋齿病变的检测，诊断和持续监测，以及咬合凹陷和裂缝，牙齿之间的平滑表面和间隙之间的缺陷，这些区域通常未被x射线检测 放射照片或视觉检查。 该仪器还能够检测到软化牙齿的早期区域或再矿化区域，以及沿修复边缘的缺陷。 通过使用多阵列红外摄像机，可以将局部斑点检测能力扩展到目标牙齿的子表面的调制成像。 介绍了仪器的两种配置。

公开(公告)号：US20070021670A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-25

申请号：US11488194

申请日：2006-07-18

Applicant: Andreas Mandelis ,  Stephen Abrams ,  Jin-Seok Jeon ,  Kiran Kulkarni ,  Anna Mativenko

Inventor： Andreas Mandelis ,  Stephen Abrams ,  Jin-Seok Jeon ,  Kiran Kulkarni ,  Anna Mativenko

IPC: A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/417 ,  A61B5/0088 ,  A61B5/0452 ,  A61B5/7228

Abstract: There is provided a high-spatial-resolution dynamic diagnostic instrument which can provide simultaneous measurements of laser-induced frequency-domain infrared photothermal radiometric and alternating-current (ac) modulated luminescence signals from defects, demineralization, remineralization and caries in teeth intraorally. The emphasis is on the abilities of this instrument to approach important problems such as the detection, diagnosis and ongoing monitoring of carious lesions and or defects on the occlusal pits and fissures, smooth surfaces and interproximal areas between teeth which normally go undetected by x-ray radiographs or visual examination. The instrument is also able to detect early areas of demineralized tooth and or areas of remineralized tooth as well as defects along the margins of restorations. This capability of inspecting a local spot can be extended to a modulated imaging of sub-surface of target tooth by using a multi-array infrared camera. Two configurations of the instrument are presented.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种高空间分辨率动态诊断仪器，可以同时测量激光诱导的频域红外光热辐射和交流（ac）调制的发光信号，从缺陷，软化，再矿化和齿内牙龋。 重点在于该仪器能够处理重要问题，例如龋齿病变的检测，诊断和持续监测，以及咬合凹陷和裂缝，牙齿之间的平滑表面和间隙之间的缺陷，这些区域通常未被x射线检测 放射照片或视觉检查。 该仪器还能够检测到软化牙齿的早期区域或再矿化区域，以及沿修复边缘的缺陷。 通过使用多阵列红外摄像机，可以将局部斑点检测能力扩展到目标牙齿的子表面的调制成像。 介绍了仪器的两种配置。

公开(公告)号：US07116421B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-03

申请号：US10384598

申请日：2003-03-11

Applicant: Jose Agustin Garcia ,  Andreas Mandelis ,  Chinhua Wang

Inventor： Jose Agustin Garcia ,  Andreas Mandelis ,  Chinhua Wang

IPC: G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/783 ,  G01N21/171 ,  G01N33/005

Abstract: A hydrogen sensor, useful for trace hydrogen gas detection. The sensor involves providing a gas sample, generating modulated optical excitation sources, bringing the optical excitation source to the side of a metalized thin pyroelectric film, and detecting via a lock-in amplifier circuit the coherent differential signal resulting from thermoreflectance and thermoabsorptance changes in the film when exposed to hydrogen gas.

Abstract translation: 氢传感器，用于痕量氢气检测。 该传感器包括提供气体样品，产生调制的光学激发源，将光学激发源带到金属化的薄热电薄膜的侧面，以及通过锁定放大器电路检测由于热反射和热吸收变化引起的相干差分信号 当暴露于氢气时胶片。