Abstract:
An electron energy analyzer including a curved electrostatic low-pass reflector and a high-pass electrostatic transmissive filter. The reflector comprises a curved grid, preferably ellipsoidal, and an absorber electrode placed in back of the curved grid with respect to the electron source and biased negatively to the curved grid to act as a reflective low-pass filter and a collimating optics for the reflected beam. The transmissive filter includes first and second flat grids extending across the collimated reflected beam. The second grid on the side of the first grid opposite the curved grid is biased negatively to the first grid and the absorber electrode. A field free region is created by applying the same bias to the curved grid, the first grid, and chamber sidewall sleeve. An electron detector detects all electrons passed by the second grid in an energy band in the overlap of the high-pass and low-pass bands.
Abstract:
A spectrometer-lens for particle beam apparatus is formed by a short focal length magnetic lens having an integrated electrostatic retarding field spectrometer and a single-stage deflection unit arranged within said lens. To avoid deflecting secondary particles that are triggered at a specimen by a primary particle beam, nearly uniform electrical and magnetic deflection fields are generated by the deflection unit oriented relative to one another such that their field vectors reside perpendicular to one another and respectively perpendicular to a velocity vector of the secondary particles attracted from the specimen.
Abstract:
A spherical grid for use in instrumentation comprising a rigid non-magnetic frame having a pattern of holes. Into each hole a flat wafer is placed, each wafer having etched therein holes defining the grid mesh. The frame maintains the geometric conformal shape allowing large units to be constructed.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for the contact-free potential measurement at an electronic component using an electron beam wherein a predetermined potential is applied to the measuring point and the output voltage of a controlled gain amplifier is set to a predetermined reference value U.sub.S by means of controlling a photomultiplier voltage U.sub.PM and the photomultiplier voltage U.sub.PM is maintained constant. The measuring voltage U.sub.M is then determined from the difference of the voltages U.sub.R -U.sub.S between the control unit output voltage U.sub.R and the index value voltage U.sub.S. The method and apparatus allow the quantitative potential measurement to be made on the conducting paths of an integrated circuit without utilizing manual adjustments.
Abstract:
A device for measuring electron densities at a given energy level in an electron beam or the like having strong background noise, for example, in the detection of Auger electric energy spectrums. An electron analyzer passes electrons at the given energy level and at the same time or ad seriatum electrons of at least one adjacent energy level. Detecting means associated therewith produce signals indicative of the densities of the electrons at each energy level and combine these signals to produce a signal indicative of the density of the electrons of the given energy level absent background noise.
Abstract:
A process for depositing a precious metal or its oxide on a metallic support by first submitting the metallic support to ionic bombardment in a rare gas atmosphere, then without cooling below 300*C. depositing the precious metal by cathodic sputtering conducted first in a rare gas atmosphere and then in an atmosphere of mixed oxygen and rare gas.
Abstract:
An electron-beam micro-analyzer for investigating solid test specimens and radiation penetrable test specimens is disclosed. The micro-analyzer has an electron-beam generator for directing a focussed electron beam unto the test specimen to release Auger electrons therefrom. An electron spectrometer then separates the released Auger electrons according to the respective kinetic energies thereof and an electron detector detects the Auger electrons of specified energy separated in the spectrometer. The electron-beam generator has a field-emission point cathode having a small radius of curvature and an anode having an opening for passing the electron beam therethrough. A voltage supply applys a voltage to develop an electric field between the anode and the point cathode of sufficient strength to excite the cathode to electron field emission. A deceleration lens disposed intermediate the anode and the test specimen reduces the velocity of the electrons of the electron beam passing from the opening of the anode.
Abstract:
In electron beam apparatus in which an electron beam is caused to impinge on a specimen surface and the resulting secondary electrons are analyzed to show the distribution of electric potential on the surface, the potential on the surface is switched rapidly on and off or the potential on a grid between the specimen and collector is switched rapidly between two levels, and the signals from the collector in the two conditions are directed into two channels, from which the difference signal is used to show the potential of the surface, largely independent of topography and other factors. The beam itself can also be switched on and off at double the switching frequency. In the grid version there can be a second grid to shield the specimen from the switched grid.
Abstract:
A charged particle analyzer (1) comprises a first non-imaging electrostatic lens (8, 9) for receiving charged particles having divergent, trajectories and for converting the said trajectories into substantially parallel trajectories. At least one planar filter (10) is provided for receiving the charged particles having the substantially parallel trajectories and for filtering the charged particles in accordance with their respective energies. A second non-imaging electrostatic lens (11) receives the energy filtered charged particles and selectively modifies their trajectories as a function of their energies. A charged particle detector (12) then receives the charged particles in accordance with their selectively modified trajectories.