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    NANOCELLULOSE-POLYMER COMPOSITES, AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THEM
    41.
    发明申请
    NANOCELLULOSE-POLYMER COMPOSITES, AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THEM 审中-公开
    纳米纤维素聚合物复合材料及其生产工艺

    公开(公告)号：US20160168363A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-06-16

    申请号：US14750961

    申请日：2015-06-25

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Kimberly NELSON ,  Ryan P. O'CONNOR ,  Theodora RETSINA

    IPC: C08L1/04 ,  D21B1/02 ,  C08J3/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C08B15/08 ,  D21C5/00

    CPC classification number: C08L1/04 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C08B15/08 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C08J3/005 ,  C08J2301/04 ,  C08J2400/12 ,  C08J2497/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C08L2205/03 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/40 ,  C12P19/02 ,  D21B1/021 ,  D21C5/00 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21H11/18 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02P40/44 ,  C08L97/005 ,  C08L67/04

    Abstract: A polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite as disclosed comprises a polymer, nanocellulose, and lignin, wherein lignin forms a hydrophobic interface between the polymer and the nanocellulose. In some variations, a process is disclosed for producing a polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite material, comprising: fractionating lignocellulosic biomass in the presence of an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin, wherein lignin deposits onto fiber surfaces or into fiber pores; mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form a hydrophobic nanocellulose material comprising cellulose fibrils and/or cellulose crystals; hydrolyzing the hemicellulose to generate fermentable hemicellulosic sugars; fermenting the fermentable hemicellulosic sugars to generate a monomer or monomer precursor; polymerizing the monomer to produce a polymer; and combining the polymer with the lignin-coated nanocellulose to generate a polymer-nanocellulose-lignin composite material for use in a wide variety of products.

    Abstract translation: 所公开的聚合物 - 纳米纤维素 - 木质素复合材料包括聚合物，纳米纤维素和木质素，其中木质素在聚合物和纳米纤维素之间形成疏水界面。 在一些变型中，公开了一种用于生产聚合物 - 纳米纤维素 - 木质素复合材料的方法，其包括：在酸，木质素和水的溶剂存在下分解木质纤维素生物质，以产生富含纤维素的固体和含有半纤维素的液体 和木质素，其中木质素沉积到纤维表面或纤维孔中; 机械处理富含纤维素的固体以形成包含纤维素原纤维和/或纤维素晶体的疏水性纳米纤维素材料; 水解半纤维素以产生可发酵的半纤维素糖; 发酵可发酵的半纤维素糖以产生单体或单体前体; 聚合单体以产生聚合物; 并将聚合物与木质素包被的纳米纤维素组合以产生用于各种产品的聚合物 - 纳米纤维素 - 木质素复合材料。

    PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING LIGNIN-BASED ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS ENHANCERS, AND COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREFROM
    42.
    发明申请
    PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING LIGNIN-BASED ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS ENHANCERS, AND COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED THEREFROM 审中-公开
    生产基于木质素的酶水解增效剂的方法及其制备的组合物

    公开(公告)号：US20160152779A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-06-02

    申请号：US14951033

    申请日：2015-11-24

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Theodora RETSINA

    IPC: C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12N9/42 ,  C12P19/14

    CPC classification number: C08H8/00 ,  C08H6/00 ,  C12N9/2437 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12Y302/01004

    Abstract: This disclosure provides lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer that includes ethanol-soluble, partially sulfonated lignin. Some embodiments provide a lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer comprising AVAP® lignin. Certain embodiments provide a lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer comprising AVAP® lignin and lignosulfonates. In some variations, a process for producing a lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer comprises fractionating biomass with an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; recovering the lignin; and generating a lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer comprising the lignin. Surprisingly, the lignin-based enzymatic hydrolysis enhancer is experimentally able to enhance glucose yields by 10% or more.

    Abstract translation: 本公开提供了基于木质素的酶水解增强剂，其包括乙醇可溶的部分磺化的木质素。 一些实施方案提供了包含木质素的木质素基酶促水解酶。 某些实施方案提供了包含木质素和木素磺酸盐的基于木质素的酶促水解增强剂。 在一些变型中，用于生产基于木质素的酶促水解增强剂的方法包括用酸，木质素和水的溶剂分级生物质，以产生富含纤维素的固体和含有半纤维素和木质素的液体; 回收木质素; 以及产生包含所述木质素的基于木质素的酶水解增强剂。 令人惊奇的是，基于木质素的酶水解增强剂在实验上能够将葡萄糖产量提高10％以上。

    PRODUCTION OF SUGARS FROM BIOMASS USING SOLID CATALYSTS
    45.
    发明申请
    PRODUCTION OF SUGARS FROM BIOMASS USING SOLID CATALYSTS 审中-公开
    使用固体催化剂从生物质生产糖

    公开(公告)号：US20160046731A1

    公开(公告)日：2016-02-18

    申请号：US14826191

    申请日：2015-08-13

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Theodora RETSINA

    IPC: C08B1/00

    CPC classification number: C08H6/00 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  Y02P20/584

    Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing sugars from lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: drying lignocellulosic biomass; hydrolyzing the dried feedstock with a hydrolysis catalyst to reach high conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to sugars; washing and/or separating the sugars from the residual solids (containing lignin and catalyst); combusting the residual solids to burn the lignin and produce an ash stream comprising the hydrolysis catalyst; recycling the ash stream comprising the hydrolysis catalyst to the hydrolysis reactor; and recovering the sugars. Some variations envision drying a feedstock (e.g., sugarcane straw) with flue gas, then mixing with catalysts, rotating until hydrolysis is completed, separating sugars, washing out catalyst and lignin, burning catalyst and lignin and collecting catalyst from the bottom of a fluidized bed to recycle the catalyst to the front (with fresh biomass). Alternatively, the catalyst may be first separated from lignin and only the lignin is burned.

    Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种由木质纤维素生物质生产糖的方法，包括：干燥木质纤维素生物质; 用水解催化剂水解干燥的原料以达到纤维素和半纤维素转化为糖的高转化率; 洗涤和/或从残留固体中分离糖（含有木质素和催化剂）; 燃烧残余固体以燃烧木质素并产生包含水解催化剂的灰分流; 将包含水解催化剂的灰分流回到水解反应器; 并回收糖。 一些变化设想用烟道气干燥原料（例如，甘蔗秸秆），然后与催化剂混合，旋转直到水解完成，分离糖，洗涤催化剂和木质素，燃烧催化剂和木质素，并从流化床的底部收集催化剂 将催化剂再循环到前面（用新鲜的生物质）。 或者，催化剂可以首先与木质素分离，并且只有木质素被燃烧。

    CONTINUOUS PROCESSES FOR HYDROLYZING HEMICELLULOSES FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS WITH CLEANING SYSTEM
    46.
    发明申请
    CONTINUOUS PROCESSES FOR HYDROLYZING HEMICELLULOSES FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS WITH CLEANING SYSTEM 有权
    用于清洗系统的细小纤维素材料的水解胶体的连续工艺

    公开(公告)号：US20150354019A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-12-10

    申请号：US14714214

    申请日：2015-05-15

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Zheng DANG ,  Mehmet Sefik TUNC ,  Ziyu WANG

    IPC: C13K13/00 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C07D307/50

    CPC classification number: C13K13/002 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07D307/50 ,  C13K1/02 ,  C13K13/00 ,  Y02E50/16

    Abstract: A continuous process for producing hemicellulose sugars from a biomass extraction liquor is provided. A system is configured for continuously producing hemicellulose sugars and/or hemicellulose derivatives from a biomass extraction liquor, the system comprising at least a first hydrolysis reactor and a second hydrolysis reactor. Each of the hydrolysis reactors is in switchable communication with (i) an operating feed stream of a biomass extraction liquor containing water, hemicellulose oligomers, and dissolved or suspended lignin, and (ii) a cleaning feed stream of a cleaning agent selected from the group consisting of steam, an alkaline solution, an organic solvent, and combinations thereof. The cleaning agent dissolves precipitated lignin formed from the lignin under the hydrolysis reaction conditions.

    Abstract translation: 提供了从生物质提取液中生产半纤维素糖的连续方法。 一种系统被配置用于从生物质提取液连续生产半纤维素糖和/或半纤维素衍生物，该系统至少包含第一水解反应器和第二水解反应器。 每个水解反应器与（i）含有水，半纤维素低聚物和溶解或悬浮的木质素的生物质提取液的操作进料流可交换连通，和（ii）清洁剂的清洁进料流， 由蒸汽，碱性溶液，有机溶剂及其组合组成。 清洗剂在水解反应条件下溶解由木质素形成的沉淀木质素。

    METHODS FOR REMOVING RESIDUAL SOLIDS FROM ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSATE TO MAKE PURIFIED FERMENTABLE SUGAR SYRUP
    47.
    发明申请
    METHODS FOR REMOVING RESIDUAL SOLIDS FROM ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSATE TO MAKE PURIFIED FERMENTABLE SUGAR SYRUP 审中-公开
    从酶水解产物中除去残留固体的方法制备纯化的可食用糖类SYRUP

    公开(公告)号：US20150354017A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-12-10

    申请号：US14718060

    申请日：2015-05-20

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Ziyu WANG ,  Zheng DANG ,  Mehmet Sefik TUNC ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Theodora RETSINA

    IPC: C13K1/04

    CPC classification number: C13K1/04

    Abstract: The invention provides a method for purifying a biomass hydrolysate comprising sugars and suspended particles, comprising centrifuging the biomass hydrolysate, thermally treating the centrifuged hydrolysate to chemically or physically agglomerate the suspended particles, and filtering the thermally treated hydrolysate to remove agglomerated suspended particles, thereby generating a purified hydrolysate (sugar syrup). The sequence of steps may be varied. Biomass hydrolysates may be provided from a wide variety of processes. Surprisingly, a 20-fold improvement in sugar purity (total suspended solids content) is demonstrated experimentally, compared to prior methods.

    Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种净化包含糖和悬浮颗粒的生物质水解产物的方法，包括离心生物质水解产物，热处理离心的水解产物以化学或物理地附聚悬浮颗粒，并过滤热处理的水解产物以除去附聚的悬浮颗粒，从而产生 纯化水解产物（糖浆）。 步骤的顺序可以变化。 可以从各种各样的方法提供生物质水解产物。 令人惊讶的是，与现有方法相比，实验证明糖纯度（总悬浮固体含量）改善20倍。

    PRODUCTION OF FERMENTABLE BIOMASS SUGARS USING HIGH-SOLIDS ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
    48.
    发明申请
    PRODUCTION OF FERMENTABLE BIOMASS SUGARS USING HIGH-SOLIDS ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS 审中-公开
    使用高固体酶水解生产可食用生物质糖

    公开(公告)号：US20150275252A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-10-01

    申请号：US14670457

    申请日：2015-03-27

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Theodora RETSINA ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Ryan ZEBROSKI

    IPC: C12P19/04 ,  C12P7/56 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C12P7/54 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P7/10

    CPC classification number: C12P7/10 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  Y02E50/16

    Abstract: In some variations, this invention provides a process for producing fermentable sugars from cellulosic biomass, comprising: extracting biomass with steam or hot water to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulose oligomers, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; separating and washing the cellulose-rich solids; removing a portion of glucan contained in the washed cellulose-rich solids as glucose oligomers using a liquefaction-focused blend of enzymes; co-hydrolyzing glucose oligomers and hemicellulose oligomers, with enzymes or an acid catalyst, to produce glucose and hemicellulose monomers; and recovering the glucose and hemicellulose monomers as fermentable sugars. The liquefaction-focused blend of enzymes contains endoglucanases and exoglucanases. A rotating unit for high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis may be employed, with continuous liquid removal. Optionally, the glucose and the hemicellulose monomers may be recovered as separate streams. The residual cellulose (not hydrolyzed) as well as the lignin may be recovered and combusted, or utilized for other purposes.

    Abstract translation: 在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种从纤维素生物质生产可发酵糖的方法，其包括：用蒸汽或热水提取生物质以产生含有半纤维素低聚物，溶解的木质素和富含纤维素的固体的提取液; 分离和洗涤富含纤维素的固体; 使用液化聚焦的酶将所洗涤的富含纤维素的固体中含有的一部分葡聚糖作为葡萄糖寡聚物除去; 用酶或酸催化剂共同水解葡萄糖低聚物和半纤维素寡聚物以产生葡萄糖和半纤维素单体; 并将葡萄糖和半纤维素单体作为可发酵糖回收。 液化聚焦的混合物​​含有内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶。 可以使用用于高固体酶水解的旋转单元，其中连续除去液体。 任选地，葡萄糖和半纤维素单体可以作为单独的流回收。 残留的纤维素（未水解）以及木质素可以回收和燃烧，或用于其它目的。

    LIGNIN-COATED CELLULOSE FIBERS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS
    49.
    发明申请
    LIGNIN-COATED CELLULOSE FIBERS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS 审中-公开
    LignocellULOSIC生物量的LIGNIN包裹的纤维素纤维

    公开(公告)号：US20150233057A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-08-20

    申请号：US14606442

    申请日：2015-01-27

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Mehmet Sefik TUNC ,  Vesa PYLKKANEN ,  Theodora RETSINA

    IPC: D21H11/12 ,  D21C1/02 ,  D21C11/00

    CPC classification number: D21H11/12 ,  D21C1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21C11/12 ,  Y02P40/44

    Abstract: A process is provided for producing a lignin-coated cellulose material, comprising: pre-extracting a lignocellulosic biomass feedstock in the presence of steam or hot water, depositing lignin from the liquid onto a surface of solids to generate a lignin-coated intermediate material; optionally drying the intermediate material; digesting the lignin-coated intermediate material in the presence of an acid, a solvent for lignin, and water, wherein the rate of delignification of surface lignin is lower than the rate of delignification of bulk lignin; and recovering a hydrophobic lignin-coated cellulose material. In some variations, part of the overall process is a combination of Green Power+® and AVAP® technologies. A cellulose-rich composition is provided, containing about 5 wt % to about 15 wt % total lignin, with particles having a higher average surface concentration of lignin compared to an average bulk (internal) concentration of lignin.

    Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于生产木质素涂覆的纤维素材料的方法，其包括：在蒸汽或热水存在的情况下预提取木质纤维素生物质原料，将木质素从液体沉积到固体表面上以产生木质素涂覆的中间体材料; 任选地干燥中间材料; 在酸，木质素和水的溶剂存在下消化木质素包被的中间体材料，其中表面木质素脱木质素的速率低于大块木质素的脱木质素的速率; 并回收疏水性木质素涂覆的纤维素材料。 在一些变化中，整个过程的一部分是Green Power +®和AVAP®技术的组合。 提供富含纤维素的组合物，其含有约5重量％至约15重量％的总木质素，与木质素的平均体积（内部）浓度相比，具有较高木质素平均表面浓度的颗粒。

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