公开(公告)号：US20030044317A1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-06

申请号：US08338141

申请日：1994-11-09

Inventor： MICHAEL CATT ,  PAUL H. MUNDILL ,  MICHAEL E. PRIOR

IPC: G01N031/22 ,  G01N021/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/8483 ,  B01L3/5023 ,  B01L2200/12 ,  B01L2300/0825 ,  B01L2400/0406 ,  G01N2021/8618 ,  G01N2021/8654 ,  G01N2201/06153 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: A method of nullreadingnull the result of an assay effected by concentrating a detectable material in a comparatively small zone of a carrier in the form of a strip, sheet or layer through the thickness of which electromagnetic radiation such as visible light is transmissible, wherein at least a portion of one face or the carrier is exposed to incident electromagnetic radiation which is substantially uniform across the entire portion, the portion including the small zone, and electromagnetic radiation emerging from the opposite face of the carrier is measured to determine the assay result. Preferably the radiation is diffuse light.

Abstract translation: 通过将可检测材料集中在带状，片状或层状形式的载体的相对小的区域中，通过将电磁辐射如可见光透射的厚度集中在其中，“读取”测定结果的方法，其中 一个面或载体的至少一部分暴露于跨越整个部分基本均匀的入射电磁辐射，测量包括小区域的部分和从载体的相对面出射的电磁辐射以确定测定结果 。 优选地，辐射是漫射光。

公开(公告)号：US20030023140A1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-30

申请号：US10174482

申请日：2002-06-18

Inventor： Britton Chance

IPC: A61F005/00

CPC classification number: A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/14553 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  A61F5/41 ,  A61F2005/411 ,  G01J9/04 ,  G01N21/3151 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N2021/1789 ,  G01N2021/1791 ,  G01N2021/3181 ,  G01N2201/06113 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: A pathlength corrected spectrophotometer for tissue examination includes an oscillator for generating a carrier waveform of a selected frequency, an LED light source for generating light of a selected wavelength that is intensity modulated at the selected frequency introduced to a subject, and a photodiode detector for detecting light that has migrated in the tissue of the subject. The spectrophotometer also includes a phase detector for measuring a phase shift between the introduced and detected light, a magnitude detector for determination of light attenuation in the examined tissue, and a processor adapted to calculate the photon migration pathlength and determine a physiological property of the examined tissue based on the pathlength and on the attenuation data.

Abstract translation: 用于组织检查的路径长度校正分光光度计包括用于产生所选频率的载波波形的振荡器，用于产生被选择的波长的光的LED光源，所述光源以引入到被摄体的选定频率进行强度调制，以及光电二极管检测器，用于检测 已经在受试者的组织中迁移的光。 分光光度计还包括用于测量引入和检测到的光之间的相移的相位检测器，用于确定被检查组织中的光衰减的幅度检测器，以及适于计算光子迁移路径长度并确定检查的生理特性的处理器 基于路径长度和衰减数据的组织。

公开(公告)号：US06263221B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

申请号：US08799206

申请日：1997-02-13

Applicant: Britton Chance ,  Vasilis Ntziachristos

Inventor： Britton Chance ,  Vasilis Ntziachristos

IPC: A61B500

CPC classification number: G01N21/3151 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/0084 ,  A61B5/14551 ,  A61B5/14552 ,  A61B5/14553 ,  A61B5/1459 ,  A61B5/6828 ,  A61B5/7228 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G01N21/49 ,  G01N2021/1789 ,  G01N2021/3181 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: A spectroscopic system for quantifying in vivo concentration of an absorptive pigment in biological tissue includes an oscillator for generating a first carrier waveform of a first frequency on the order of 108 Hz, a light source for generating light of a selected wavelengths modulated by the carrier waveform, and a detector for detecting radiation that has migrated over photon migration paths in the tissue from an input port to a detection port spaced several centimeters apart. The wavelength is sensitive to concentration of an absorptive pigment present in the tissue. A phase detector compares the detected radiation with the introduced radiation and determines therefrom the phase shift of the detected radiation. A processor quantifies the concentration of the absorptive pigment by calculating a value of the absorption coefficient.

Abstract translation: 用于定量生物组织中吸收性颜料的体内浓度的光谱系统包括用于产生大约108Hz的第一频率的第一载流子波形的振荡器，用于产生由载波波形调制的所选波长的光的光源 以及用于检测已经从组织中的光子迁移路径迁移到辐射的检测器，其从输入端口到间隔几厘米的检测端口。 该波长对存在于组织中的吸收性颜料的浓度敏感。 相位检测器将检测到的辐射与引入的辐射进行比较，并由此确定检测到的辐射的相移。 处理器通过计算吸收系数的值来量化吸收性颜料的浓度。

公开(公告)号：US5341214A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-23

申请号：US851869

申请日：1992-03-16

Applicant: Jacob Y. Wong

Inventor： Jacob Y. Wong

IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01N1/22 ,  G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20

CPC classification number: G01N1/2258 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N21/3504 ,  G08B17/117 ,  G08B29/20 ,  G01J2001/161 ,  G01J2001/182 ,  G01N2001/2261 ,  G01N2021/0321 ,  G01N2021/0385 ,  G01N2021/052 ,  G01N21/0332 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01N2201/0228 ,  G01N2201/06186 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: An instrument for determining the concentration of a particular gas that might be present in a sample has no moving parts and is extremely compact and inexpensive. A novel waveguiding structure serves both as an optical element and as the sample chamber. As an optical element, the waveguiding structure collects radiation from a blackbody source located at the entrance end of the waveguiding structure and conducts the radiation through the waveguiding structure, concentrating it on two infrared detectors mounted at the opposite end of the waveguiding structure. As a sample chamber, the waveguiding structure causes the radiation to undergo multiple reflections that result in the average path length being substantially greater than the physical length of the waveguiding structure. Each of the detectors has its own optical filter, and baffling assures that each detector responds only to radiation which has passed through its filter. One filter defines a spectral passband that coincides with the infrared absorption band of the gas to be measured. The other filter defines a non-absorbing or neutral passband. The electrical signals produced by the detectors are processed to provide a ratio, the value of which is related to the concentration of the particular gas to be detected.

Abstract translation: 用于确定样品中可能存在的特定气体的浓度的仪器没有移动部件，并且非常紧凑和便宜。 新颖的波导结构既用作光学元件又用作样品室。 作为光学元件，波导结构收集来自位于波导结构的入口端的黑体源的辐射，并将辐射传导通过波导结构，将其集中在安装在波导结构的相对端的两个红外检测器上。 作为样品室，波导结构导致辐射经历多次反射，导致平均路径长度远大于波导结构的物理长度。 每个检测器都有自己的光学滤波器，并且挡板确保每个检测器仅响应已经通过其过滤器的辐射。 一个滤光器定义与待测气体的红外吸收带一致的光谱通带。 另一个滤波器定义了非吸收或中性通带。 由检测器产生的电信号被处理以提供一个比率，其值与待检测的特定气体的浓度有关。

公开(公告)号：US5298963A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-29

申请号：US842073

申请日：1992-02-26

Applicant: Kazuo Moriya ,  Takayuki Tsuzura

Inventor： Kazuo Moriya ,  Takayuki Tsuzura

IPC: G01N21/88 ,  G01N21/95

CPC classification number: G01N21/9501 ,  G01N21/8806 ,  G01N2021/8838 ,  G01N2021/8845 ,  G01N2021/8887 ,  G01N2201/0696 ,  G01N2201/103

Abstract: An apparatus for inspecting the surface of a sheet-like object has a movable stage with an object mounted thereon; a source for lighting the object on the stage, particularly by making a plurality of illumination lights respectively having different wavelengths incident on the surface of the object from respective predetermined directions; image pickup device for fetching the image of the object under illumination of the light as image data or the images of parts of the object as image data obtained on the respective different wavelengths; image data processing device for inspecting the image data for defects; and a device for synchronizing control either for flashing the light at a predetermined time interval just after the stage commences its movement, synchronously with fetching the image data or for flashing the light and simultaneously fetching the image data obtained on the respective different wavelengths, synchronously with the object on the stage reaching respective predetermined positions while moving the stage.

Abstract translation: 用于检查片状物体的表面的装置具有安装在其上的物体的可移动台; 特别是通过从各个预定方向制造分别具有入射到物体表面上的不同波长的多个照明光源，用于点亮舞台上的物体的源; 图像拾取装置，用于在照明光下取出对象的图像作为图像数据或对象的部分的图像作为在各个不同波长上获得的图像数据; 图像数据处理装置，用于检查图像数据的缺陷; 以及用于同步控制的装置，用于在阶段开始其移动之后的预定时间间隔闪光，同步获取图像数据或闪烁光，同时取出在各个不同波长上获得的图像数据，与 舞台上的物体在移动舞台时达到相应的预定位置。

公开(公告)号：US5237181A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-17

申请号：US804152

申请日：1991-12-06

Applicant: Alois B. Kerkhoff ,  Wolfgang Storbeck

Inventor： Alois B. Kerkhoff ,  Wolfgang Storbeck

IPC: B41F33/14 ,  D21F7/00 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/88 ,  G01N21/89 ,  G01N21/892 ,  G01N21/93 ,  G06T1/00 ,  H04N7/18

CPC classification number: G01N21/86 ,  G01N2021/177 ,  G01N2021/8672 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: A method of visually inspecting the formation of a web of translucent material by means of a device it moves past. The device consists of a source of light on one side of the web generating a beam of light of a desired hue and intensity that penetrates the web, and a video camera on the side of the web away from the source of light, intercepting the beam and converting it into a video signal that is forwarded to a monitor. The source of light emits the beam in a flash of duration t.sub.1 that is too short for the web to advance far enough while illuminated to blur the image. The image on the monitor is accompanied by a reference image.

Abstract translation: 通过其移动过去的装置目视检查半透明材料幅材的形成方法。 该装置由纤维网的一侧上的光源构成，产生具有期望的色调和强度的光束，其穿透幅材，以及位于纸幅侧的远离光源的视频摄像机，拦截光束 并将其转换为转发到监视器的视频信号。 光源在持续时间为t1的闪光中发射光束，太短以致纤维网发出足够的光线以照亮图像。 显示器上的图像附有参考图像。

公开(公告)号：US5066132A

公开(公告)日：1991-11-19

申请号：US564167

申请日：1990-08-08

Applicant: Tsuyoshi Nagata ,  Shinji Okuda

Inventor： Tsuyoshi Nagata ,  Shinji Okuda

IPC: G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/30 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/958

CPC classification number: G01J1/16 ,  G01N21/8422 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/958 ,  G01J1/18 ,  G01J1/30 ,  G01J2001/4406 ,  G01N2021/8427 ,  G01N2201/0696 ,  G01N2201/124 ,  G01N2201/12723

Abstract: An apparatus for inspecting a coating formed on a workpiece, comprising a light emitter and a light receiver positioned on respective sides of the workpiece; an amplifier for amplifying a detection signal from the light receiver and for generating an amplified output signal; a comparator for comparing the amplified output signal with a predetermined level thereby to generate a control signal indicative of a difference between the amplified output signal and the predetermined level; a zero adjustment for adjusting the amplified output signal to a zero value; and a tuning circuit for tuning the amplified output signal, which is generated from the amplifier when the workpiece to be inspected has not yet been formed with the coating, to a predetermined tuned value. The tuning circuit is operable to vary the amplification factor of the amplifier and also to the intensity of light emitted by the light emitter. In place of the tuning circuit, an amplification factor setting citcuit may be used for sampling the light transmissivity of the workpiece and for selecting one of amplification factors according to the result of sampling. After the formation of the coating on the workpiece, the amplified output signal may decrease with a decrease of the light transmissivity of the workpiece, and the coating condition is determined depending on whether or not the amplified output signal is lower than the predetermined level.

Abstract translation: 一种用于检查在工件上形成的涂层的装置，包括位于工件的相应侧面上的光发射器和光接收器; 放大器，用于放大来自光接收器的检测信号并产生放大的输出信号; 比较器，用于将放大的输出信号与预定电平进行比较，从而产生指示放大的输出信号与预定电平之间的差的控制信号; 用于将放大的输出信号调整为零值的零调整; 以及调谐电路，用于当待检查的工件尚未形成涂层时，将放大器产生的放大的输出信号调谐到预定的调谐值。 调谐电路可操作以改变放大器的放大系数以及光发射器发射的光的强度。 代替调谐电路，可以使用放大因子设置电路来对工件的光透射率进行采样，并根据采样结果选择一个放大因子。 在工件上形成涂层之后，放大的输出信号可能随着工件的光透射率的降低而减小，并且根据放大的输出信号是否低于预定电平来确定涂覆条件。

公开(公告)号：US5047640A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-10

申请号：US467177

申请日：1990-01-19

Applicant: David Brunnschweiler ,  Neil R. Henderson ,  David W. Swift

Inventor： David Brunnschweiler ,  Neil R. Henderson ,  David W. Swift

IPC: B65H26/02 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/59 ,  G01N21/89 ,  G01N21/892 ,  G01N21/898

CPC classification number: G01N21/8915 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01N2021/5992 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: A web e.g. a fibre web as used in the manufacture of textiles is inspected e.g. for thickness uniformity or the like by transillumination, where the web is subject to ambient illumination, the transillumination being effected in modulated fashion whereby to distinguish measuring illumination from ambient illumination. Modulation may be effected by time-chopping a beam or by a narrow spectral band filter to improve signal-to-noise ratio.

公开(公告)号：US5011295A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-30

申请号：US422644

申请日：1989-10-17

Applicant: Shankar Krishnan ,  George P. Hansen ,  Robert H. Hauge ,  John L. Margrave ,  Charles A. Rey

Inventor： Shankar Krishnan ,  George P. Hansen ,  Robert H. Hauge ,  John L. Margrave ,  Charles A. Rey

IPC: G01J4/00 ,  G01J5/00 ,  G01J5/58 ,  G01N21/21

CPC classification number: G01J5/58 ,  G01J4/04 ,  G01J5/0003 ,  G01J5/0096 ,  G01J5/04 ,  G01J5/047 ,  G01J5/08 ,  G01J5/0809 ,  G01J5/0825 ,  G01J5/0834 ,  G01J5/0846 ,  G01J5/0896 ,  G01J2005/0048 ,  G01J2005/0074 ,  G01J2005/0077 ,  G01N2021/1793 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N2201/0696

Abstract: Method and apparatus for accurately and instantaneously determining the thermodynamic temperature of remote objects by continuous determination of the emissivity, the reflectivity, and optical constants, as well as the apparent or brightness temperature of the sample with a single instrument. The emissivity measurement is preferably made by a complex polarimeter including a laser that generates polarized light, which is reflected from the sample into a detector system. The detector system includes a beamsplitter, polarization analyzers, and four detectors to measure independently the four Stokes vectors of the reflected radiation. The same detectors, or a separate detector in the same instrument, is used to measure brightness temperature. Thus, the instrument is capable of measuring both the change in polarization upon reflection as well as the degree of depolarization and hence diffuseness. This enables correction for surface roughness of the sample and background radiation, which could otherwise introduce errors in temperature measurement.

Abstract translation: 通过用单个仪器连续测定样品的发射率，反射率和光学常数以及样品的表观或亮度温度来准确和瞬时地确定远程物体的热力学温度的方法和设备。 发射率测量优选由包括产生偏振光的激光器的复合旋光计来进行，该偏振光从样品反射到检测器系统中。 检测器系统包括分束器，偏振分析器和四个检测器，以独立地测量反射辐射的四个斯托克斯矢量。 相同的检测器或相同仪器中的单独检测器用于测量亮度温度。 因此，该仪器能够测量反射时的极化的变化以及去极化的程度，从而测量扩散度。 这样可以校正样品的表面粗糙度和背景辐射，否则会导致温度测量误差。

公开(公告)号：US4802768A

公开(公告)日：1989-02-07

申请号：US850944

申请日：1986-04-11

Applicant: Charles R. Gifford ,  Achille M. Bigliardi

Inventor： Charles R. Gifford ,  Achille M. Bigliardi

IPC: G01N21/25 ,  G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/05

CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01N2021/6482 ,  G01N21/6428 ,  G01N2201/064 ,  G01N2201/0696 ,  G01N2201/0698 ,  G01N2201/082

Abstract: A reference system utilizes pulsed arc light excitation which excitation pulses are directed onto a flow cell containing a fluorescent dye. Fluorescent light emitted from the dye is guided to a photomultiplier tube which converts it to electrical pulses. A portion of each excitation light pulse is guided by a light pipe onto a PIN diode light detector which converts these light signals to electrical pulses. A LED reference light source is pulsed to generate a plurality of reference light pulses one of which occurs between each excitation pulse. A portion of each of these pulses is guided to each of the two light detectors and two more series of electrical pulses are generated. A microprocessor then reads the four electrical pulses resulting from each pair of light pulses and performs a computation on the resulting numbers which indicates the relative concentration of the target concentration being assayed. An optical system masks the excitation light pulses and the emitted light pulses to minimize the amount of scattered excitation light that gets into the emitted light optical channel and spatially integrates the images of the arc yielding the excitation light to control the stability of the image projected onto the photomultiplier tube. The light pipe and an output lens spatially integrates the image of the excitation light mask and focuses this light on the PIN diode so that the dancing image of the arc does not modulate with the variations of the PIN diode cathode and destabilize its output signal.

Abstract translation: 参考系统利用脉冲弧光激发，激发脉冲被引导到含荧光染料的流动池上。 从染料发出的荧光被引导到光电倍增管，将其转换成电脉冲。 每个激发光脉冲的一部分由光管引导到PIN二极管光检测器上，PIN检测器将这些光信号转换成电脉冲。 LED参考光源被脉冲以产生多个参考光脉冲，其中一个发生在每个激励脉冲之间。 这些脉冲中的每一个的一部分被引导到两个光检测器中的每一个，并且产生两个更多的串联的电脉冲。 然后微处理器读取由每对光脉冲产生的四个电脉冲，并且对所得数字进行计算，这表明所测定的目标浓度的相对浓度。 光学系统遮蔽激发光脉冲和发射的光脉冲，以最小化进入发射的光通道的散射激发光的量，并且空间地积分产生激发光的电弧的图像，以控制投影到 光电倍增管。 光管和输出透镜在空间上对激发光掩模的图像进行空间积分，并将该光聚焦在PIN二极管上，使得电弧的跳舞图像不会随PIN二极管阴极的变化而调制，并使其输出信号失稳。