Abstract:
The invention concerns inhibition of vanadium corrosion of thermal equipment materials burning vanadium-contaminated liquid fuels using nickel compounds. The invention is applicable in particular to liquid fuel combustion in gas turbines.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to diesel fuel and lubrication oil defoaming agents, and crude oil demulsifiers, as well as methods for using same. In particular, the defoaming agents and demulsifiers are comprised of copolymers which have structures constituting a backbone of polysiloxane onto which is grafted an organic group. These structures comprise a polymer of the formula MDxDnullyDnullzM, where M is O0.5Si(CH3)3, D is a OSi(CH3)2, Dnull is OSi(CH3)R, Dnull is OSi(CH3)Rnull, R is a polyhydric C6-C28 organic group, Rnull is a phenol derivative or a long chain aliphatic group or polyethers, z is between 0 and 80, xnullynullz is between 10-200, x/z is null1, and x/(ynullz) is between about 1 and about 5, or formula MnullDaMnull where Mnull is O0.5Si(CH3)2R, a is between 4-10, and R and D are the same as defined above.
Abstract:
Platinum group metal fuel additives are effective in fuel environments which make the exclusion of water impractical. The fuels additives comprise a platinum group metal compound and a water-functional composition selected from the group consisting of lipophilic emulsifiers, lipophilic organic compounds in which water is miscible and mixtures of these. The additives are preferably effective in fuel compositions having water contents of at least about 0.01% water by weight.
Abstract:
The invention provides a method employing a fuel additive to improve the operation of a pass-through oxidation catalyst over long periods of time with continued catalytic activity and without the undesirable conversion of SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3. A pass-through catalyst support is continuously, selectively catalyzed by the combustion of a fuel containing a platinum group metal composition which burns to release the catalyst metal in active form. The effectiveness of the process is attributed to improved combustion in the engine by the catalyst and the treatment of the catalytic oxidizer with active catalyst metal released during combustion such that, in the exhaust system, the soluble organic fraction of the particulates and the levels of gaseous unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are significantly reduced. The catalysts conditioned by the present invention cause minimal conversion of SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3. The platinum group metal compositions soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel and are added in amounts effective to provide concentrations of the metal in the fuel of less than 1 part per million (ppm).
Abstract:
Quaternary ammonium salts of mercaptothiadiazoles and related heterocyclic derivatives have been found to be effective antioxidant and antiwear additives for lubricants and fuels.
Abstract:
Additives of improving the low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability of hydrocarbon oils are disclosed, which comprise the alkylation of a phenol in the presence of a polar aprotic cosolvent to produce an essentially linear alkylated phenol which is condensed with an aldehyde to produce the low temperature flow improver wherein:(a) the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at least about 1.5;(b) in the alkylated phenol reactant the alkyl groups (i) are essentially linear; (ii) have between 6 and 50 carbon atoms; and (iii) have an average number of carbon atoms between about 12 and 26; and(c) not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have less than 12 carbon atoms and not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have more than 26 carbon atoms. The additives may also be produced in a branched backbone form in which monomer reactants are copolymerized with certain tri- or tetrafunctional comonomers. Blends of these additives with various hydrocarbon oils, and particularly various middle distillates and lubricating oil compositions, whose low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability are significantly improved thereby, are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Smoke and ash deposit formation in commercial and military jet engines and power plants is minimized by inclusion in the fuel of an additive comprising oil-soluble salts of a transition metal, such as manganese or iron, and an alkaline earth metal. A preferred additive comprises methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and calcium alkylphenol sulfide in amounts to provide a manganese/calcium weight ratio about 5/1. The calcium salt may be in an alkaline form derived by over-basing with calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a butterfly valve particularly adapted for service with high pressure and high temperature fluids, and fluids containing suspended solids such as slurries. A butterfly valve is provided with a metal seat ring having a curved metal lip that is adapted to contact the peripheral surface of the valve disc. The metal seat has a configuration that enables fluid pressure from one side of the valve to enhance the sealing effectiveness of the valve. The lip of the seat is positioned to provide an interference fit with the periphery of the disc when the valve is closed, so that the valve is capable of sealing fluid from either side of the disc over a portion of the pressure rating of the valve.