Abstract:
A highly branched polymer in the form of a comb, star, nanogel and structural combinations thereof in which a plurality of polyolefin arms formed of polymers of 1-alkenes are attached to a backbone having repeating units containing aliphatic groups, aromatic groups, heteroatom-containing groups and combinations thereof.
Abstract:
Gel-free dispersant additives for lubricating and fuel oil compositions comprise at least one adduct of (A) .alpha.-olefin homopolymer or interpolymer of 700 to 10,000 number average molecular weight, free radically grafted with an average of from about 0.5 to about 5 carboxylic acid producing moieties per polymer chain, and (B) at least one non-aromatic nucleophilic post-treating reactant selected from (i) amine compounds containing only a single reactive amino group per molecule, (ii) alcohol compounds containing only a single hydroxy group per molecule, (iii) polyamine compounds containing at least two reactive amino groups per molecule, (iv) polyol compounds containing at least two reactive hydroxy groups per molecule, (v) aminoalcohol compounds containing at least one reactive amino group and at least one reactive hydroxy group per molecule, and (vi) mixtures of (i) to (v); provided that when said post-treating reactant includes one or more of (iii), (iv) or (v), the reaction between (A) and (B) is conducted in the presence of sufficient chain-stopping or end-capping co-reactant (C) to ensure that the grafted and post-reacted product mixture is gel-free.
Abstract:
Compositions comprising (a) an ethylene-mixed unsaturated ester copolymer or (b) two or more ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymers differing in their ester chains improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils.
Abstract:
Wax crystal modifiers for fuel oils are derived from ethylene-alpha olefin polymers with terminal unsaturation, preferably obtained by polymerization in the presence of a metallocene catalyst, optionally together with other cold flow improvers.
Abstract:
This invention provides hydrocarbon oil compositions comprising a major amount of a hydrocarbon oil and, as active ingredients, minor amounts of a copolymer of at least one n-(C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -alkyl) (meth)acrylate with maleic anhydride, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a homopolymer or copolymer derived from an unsaturated hydrocarbon monomer, an ester and a wax anti-settling additive; additive concentrates containing the active ingredients and use of the latter in improving the cold flow properties of hydrocarbon oils.
Abstract:
Gel-free dispersant additives for lubricating and fuel oil compositions comprise at least one adduct of (A) .alpha.-olefin homopolymer or interpolymer of 700 to 10,000 number average molecular weight, free radically grafted with an average of from about 0.5 to about 5 carboxylic acid producing moieties per polymer chain, and (B) at least one non-aromatic nucleophilic post-treating reactant selected from (i) amine compounds containing only a single reactive amino group per molecule, (ii) alcohol compounds containing only a single hydroxy group per molecule, (iii) polyamine compounds containing at least two reactive amino groups per molecule, (iv) polyol compounds containing at least two reactive hydroxy groups per molecule, (v) aminoalcohol compounds containing at least one reactive amino group and at least one reactive hydroxy group per molecule, and (vi) mixtures of (i) to (v); provided that when said post-treating reactant includes one or more of (iii), (iv) or (v), the reaction between (A) and (B) is conducted in the presence of sufficient chain-stopping or end-capping co-reactant (C) to ensure that the grafted and post-reacted product mixture is gel-free.
Abstract:
Compositions comprising an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer, an ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymer, and a comb polymer improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils, especially high wax content oils.
Abstract:
A liquid hydrocarbon particularly fuel oil containing an amine-salt having the formula ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or a hydrogen - and carbon-containing group;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or hydrogen - and carbon containing groups containing at least 12 carbon atom;R.sup.5 is a hyrdrogen-and carbon-containing group containing at least 12 carbon atoms;X is --OR.sup.6, NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 or [--O].sup.-+ [NHR.sup.9 R.sup.10 R.sup.11 ] and Y is --OR.sup.12, NR.sup.13 R.sup.14 or [--O].sup.-+ [NHR.sup.15 R.sup.16 R.sup.17 ]where R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.13, R.sup.14, R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 are hydrogen or hydrogen and carbon containing groups, and R.sup.11 and R.sup.17 are hydrogen - and carbon containing groups; provided that R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 cannot all be alkyl groups.