Abstract:
Optical waveguides having a waveguide channel of photosensitive silica glass with a modified refractive index optically written therein, wherein the photosensitive glass comprises oxides of silicon, tin and at least one Group I element, where such optical waveguide devices include optical fiber gratings, optical fiber dispersion compensators, optical fiber sensors, optical fiber lasers, and planar waveguide devices.
Abstract:
Highly durable silica glass containing 0.01% to 2% by weight of at least one element selected from magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, yttrium, hafnium and zirconium. The silica glass is produced by melting a powdery material comprising a finely divided silica powder and a finely divided zirconium-containing substance by oxyhydrogen flame or plasma arc to form an accumulated molten material layer, and extending the molten material layer outwardly in radial directions.
Abstract:
The invention provides a process of obtaining a gradient index type of optical element with profiles of first and second metal component concentrations by the sol-gel method. The process of fabricating a gradient index type of optical element comprises steps of dipping a silicon component-containing wet gel prepared by the sol-gel method in a solution containing an alkoxide of at least one metal component selected from a first group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, and Zr or a derivative thereof to thereby impart to the wet gel a concentration gradient with a concentration of the first metal component decreasing from a periphery to a center of the wet gel, allowing at least one metal component selected from a second group consisting of Ba, La, Y, Gd, Sr, Ca, and Zn to be dissolved out of the wet gel to thereby impart to the wet gel a concentration gradient with a concentration of the second metal component increasing from the periphery to the center of the wet gel, and drying, and firing the wet gel.
Abstract:
A method of incorporating an additive or dopant oxide into a glass body produced by the oxidation of vaporous source material in a flame. The resultant glassy particles are deposited to form a porous preform having a uniform refractive index. During the consolidation process, the preform is subjected to an atmosphere including a drying agent which penetrates the interstices of the soot preform to simultaneously dry and dope the preform.
Abstract:
Quartz glass of high thermal stability is produced from a SiO.sub.2 solution or sol which is substantially free of alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides and contains chromium and/or manganese in about 0.05 to 20% by weight of the SiO.sub.2 expressed as Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 and Mn.sub.2 O.sub.3. The quartz glass upon heating above 1100.degree. C. forms cristobalite having an average crystallite size of about 100 to 500 A. Articles therefrom retain their physical and mechanical properties at high temperatures. The materials are suited for producing fibers by the usual methods of spinning from solutions or sols and, as such, or as fibers they are suited for use in reinforcement and insulation and in making flameproof textiles.
Abstract:
A method of producing a glass body composed of two or more oxides by the flame hydrolysis technique, for example incorporating an additive or dopant oxide in a fused silica glass body. The method comprises forming a gas stream containing vapors of a compound that will hydrolyze to a glass forming oxide, e.g., silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4), nebulizing an oxide forming compound or solution of such compound to form a mist in the nature of an aerosol, and simultaneously directing the mist and gas stream into a flame of combustible gas to form and codeposit a mixture of oxides corresponding to the vaporized and nebulized compounds.
Abstract:
A method of forming an article, such as a low loss optical waveguide, by applying to a starting member a layer of glass soot to form a porous body. The porous body is then placed in a controlled environment in which a predetermined desired concentration of gases is maintained. The porous body is heated below the sintering temperature of the glass to permit entrapped gas to escape therefrom and the temperature is maintained until an equilibrium is reached between the partial pressure of the entrapped gas in the porous body and the partial pressure of the same gas in said environment. Thereafter, the porous body is further heated to at least the sintering temperature of the glass to sinter the soot particles and to form a consolidated dense member which may thereafter be formed into a desired shape while within said environment.
Abstract:
An electric lamp comprises a light source within a glass envelope adapted to operate at temperatures above 800*C. under pressures ranging up to 100 atmospheres. The lamp may be a tungsten halide incandescent type or a discharge type such as a mercury vapor or metal halide lamp. The envelope is composed of a fused silica glass containing, on a cation mole percent basis, 0.01-1.0% of an additive selected from the group consisting of SnO2, GeO2, Fe2O3, WO3, MoO3 and Ta2O5.
Abstract translation:电灯包括适于在高于100℃的压力下在高于800℃的温度下操作的玻璃封套内的光源。 灯可以是卤化钨白炽灯,也可以是汞蒸气灯或金属卤化物灯等放电型灯。 外壳由熔融石英玻璃构成,该石英玻璃以阳离子摩尔%计含有选自SnO 2,GeO 2,Fe 2 O 3,WO 3,MoO 3和Ta 2 O 5中的0.01-1.0%的添加剂。
Abstract:
Glass filters and their use in controlling transmission of radiation is disclosed. The filters have a sharp transmission cut off within the ultraviolet region of the spectrum and also withstand high temperatures and severe heat shock. They are produced from a fused silica glass having a composition consisting essentially of silica and 1-25 percent R2O5 wherein the R2O5 consists of 0-5 percent Nb2O5 and/or 0-25 percent Ta2O5. The transmission cut off may be shifted across the ultraviolet transmission range by varying the amount of additive.