Abstract:
Methods and systems for separating and/or quantifying compounds, using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) are provided herein. In accordance with various aspects of the applicants' teachings, the methods and systems can provide for the quantification of one or more compounds, for example, using isomeric labels that can be less costly to produce relative to conventional tags that incorporate stable-isotope labels. The present teachings can quantify the relative amount of a compound based on the effect of using an easily charged functional group as well as a functional group positioned at a resonant or non-resonant position through a DMS. In some aspects, methods and systems in accordance with various aspects of the present teachings provide for the detection and/or quantification of the analytes labeled with isomeric tags that can be differentiated via a DMS upstream of a first stage mass analyzer and/or prior to fragmentation of the labeled analyte, for example.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for processing fluids on a macro- or micro-scale are described. In various aspects, a fluid may have a plurality of elongated (i.e., substantially rod-shaped) magnetic elements disposed therein within a fluid container. An illustrative fluid container is an actuator electrode or a processing vial of a microfluidic device, such as a digital microfluidic device. A magnet component may be configured to generate a magnetic force sufficient to influence the movement of the plurality of elongated magnetic elements within the fluid to be processed. For example, the magnetic force (or magnetic force gradient) may influence the plurality of elongated magnetic elements to rotate, spin, and/or move laterally side-to-side. The shape and movements of the plurality of elongated magnetic elements facilitate the rapid and efficient processing of the fluid, such as fluid mixing and/or fluid separation.
Abstract:
An electrospray ion source method and system is provided for detecting emitter failure comprising a liquid chromatography column suitable for chromatographic separation of a sample. The column can have an inlet for receiving the sample; and an outlet for ejecting the sample. A make-up flow channel is provided for introducing make-up flow of liquid to the sample post-column, wherein the make-up flow normalizes the spray current. An electrospray ionization source is provided having one or more electrospray ionization emitter nozzles for receiving the make-up flow containing sample. A power supply can provide a voltage to the one or more emitter nozzles, and a measurement device can measure and monitor the spray current.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for improving the quality of spectra of a sample obtained from a tandem mass spectrometer system containing an ion trap. The method and apparatus includes the setting of an upper and lower threshold limit on peak intensity and only triggering an enhanced product ion scan when a detected intensity of a peak in an initial scan falls between the upper and lower threshold limits. The spectra obtained from an enhanced product ion scan conducted in this manner are useful in library matching of spectra. The ion trap may be a linear ion trap and the sample may be a peptide.
Abstract:
A method for analyzing a sample that contains a plurality of lipid isomers is described that involves forming one or more lipid metal ion adducts and transporting the one or more lipid metal ion adducts through a differential mobility spectrometer to cause separation of the one or more lipid metal ion adducts from each other. The lipid isomers can be chosen, for example, from fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, polyketides, sterol lipids, and prenol lipids. Particular examples include phosphatidylcholine regioisomers such as 1-palmatoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmatoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerols containing palmetic and oleic acid groups. The metal chosen can include a cationization reagent that contains sodium, potassium, silver or lithium.
Abstract:
An electrospray ion source method and system is provided for detecting emitter failure comprising a liquid chromatography column suitable for chromatographic separation of a sample. The column can have an inlet for receiving the sample; and an outlet for ejecting the sample. A make-up flow channel is provided for introducing make-up flow of liquid to the sample post-column, wherein the make-up flow normalizes the spray current. An electrospray ionization source is provided having one or more electrospray ionization emitter nozzles for receiving the make-up flow containing sample. A power supply can provide a voltage to the one or more emitter nozzles, and a measurement device can measure and monitor the spray current.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for separating and/or quantifying compounds, using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) are provided herein. In accordance with various aspects of the applicants' teachings, the methods and systems can provide for the quantification of one or more compounds, for example, using isomeric labels that can be less costly to produce relative to conventional tags that incorporate stable-isotope labels. The present teachings can quantify the relative amount of a compound based on the effect of using an easily charged functional group as well as a functional group positioned at a resonant or non-resonant position through a DMS. In some aspects, methods and systems in accordance with various aspects of the present teachings provide for the detection and/or quantification of the analytes labeled with isomeric tags that can be differentiated via a DMS upstream of a first stage mass analyzer and/or prior to fragmentation of the labeled analyte, for example.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for processing fluids on a macro- or micro-scale are described. In various aspects, a fluid may have a plurality of elongated (i.e., substantially rod-shaped) magnetic elements disposed therein within a fluid container. An illustrative fluid container is an actuator electrode or a processing vial of a microfluidic device, such as a digital microfluidic device. A magnet component may be configured to generate a magnetic force sufficient to influence the movement of the plurality of elongated magnetic elements within the fluid to be processed. For example, the magnetic force (or magnetic force gradient) may influence the plurality of elongated magnetic elements to rotate, spin, and/or move laterally side-to-side. The shape and movements of the plurality of elongated magnetic elements facilitate the rapid and efficient processing of the fluid, such as fluid mixing and/or fluid separation.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for processing fluids are described. In various aspects, a fluid processing system may include a magnetic assembly that includes a plurality of magnetic structures configured to generate a magnetic field gradient within a fluid container. The magnetic structures may be formed as a plurality of electromagnets configured to be individually actuated by a controller. Each of the electromagnets may generate a magnetic field within the fluid container. The electromagnets may be differentially actuated to create a magnetic field gradient within the fluid container to agitate, mix, or otherwise influence magnetic particles disposed within the fluid container. Activation of the electromagnets of an electromagnetic structure may generate a magnetic field gradient that influences magnetic particles in an x-y direction. In addition, activation of the electromagnets of a plurality of electromagnetic structures may generate magnetic field gradients that influences magnetic particles in an x-y direction and z-direction.