Abstract:
The Zinc air cell is circular and includes a chamber for the electrolyte flowing, a cathode, an anode, a container structure of the electrolyte chamber and a cathode current collector. A contact element electrically connects the cathode to the anode current collector of the adjacent cell to close the circuit. This Zinc-Air rechargeable flow battery cell includes at least one carbon porous air electrode (positive electrode) for the synthesis of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Furthermore, it includes an alkaline gel polymeric membrane (GPM) with hydroxide ion conductivity or a composite polymer electrolyte (CPE), and at least one metal negative electrode including zinc or zinc alloy or an inert conductive electrode where zinc deposition occurs during battery discharging. An aqueous electrolyte solution is adapted to flow through a housing and containing a zinc-based nanoelectrofuel. The carbon porous air electrode is an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst. There is casing in which said components are positioned, and an inlet and an outlet are located within and traverse said casing and are constructed to permit the exchange of the aqueous electrolyte in the cell and in the reservoir.
Abstract:
A method for applying a carbon-based reflective overcoating on a grazing incidence optical unit comprising a substrate and a coating of a high-density material chosen from the group comprising gold, platinum, iridium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, chrome and nickel or a low-density material such as carbon or B4C; the method comprises the step of treating the optical unit with a solution or gaseous phase containing at least one polymer precursor material to create the overcoating through absorption of the polymer material on the coating.
Abstract:
A process for forming an article having at least one precision surface is disclosed. The process includes providing a thin sheet in contact with a surface of a mandrel. The process then includes establishing a pressure differential between opposite sides of the thin sheet using a collapsible enclosure so that the thin sheet is drawn onto the mandrel surface, thereby causing the thin sheet to substantially conform to the shape of the mandrel surface. The shaped thin sheet is then secured to a support member to define the article. The article is then removed from the mandrel. The front surface of the thin sheet defines the precision surface of the article. A process for forming a dual-sided precision article is also disclosed, along with an adaptive optical system and method that employs the precision article.
Abstract:
A manufacturing method creates a type of telescope which is athermal, lightweight, optical quality for visible and IR applications. The method includes: a) optical mirrors being made by immersing a master, that is an optical component with a curvature opposite to the mirror required into an electrolytic bath where the applied current transfers metal ions and deposit them on the master, the cathode, as a layer, b) the layer being bonded by an adhesive, solder or any other attachment process to a mechanical reinforcing structure, c) after the hardening of the bond or glue, the thin layer being finally released from the master and having maintained the optical quality of the master. The master or mandrel can be cleaned and reused for repeating this method and manufacturing large series of telescopes.
Abstract:
Source-collector modules for use with EUV lithography systems are disclosed, wherein the source-collector modules employ a laser-produced plasma EUV radiation source and a grazing-incidence collector. The EUV radiation source is generated by first forming an under-dense plasma, and then irradiating the under-dense plasma with infrared radiation of sufficient intensity to create a final EUV-emitting plasma. The grazing incidence collector can include a grating configured to prevent infrared radiation from reaching the intermediate focus. Use of debris mitigation devices preserves the longevity of operation of the source-collector modules.