Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for stripping sulfur and/or a sulfur-containing compound from a sugar, a sugar alcohol and/or from a sugar acid by bringing the sugar, sugar alcohol and/or the sugar acid in a liquid phase into contact with an adsorber. Sugar, sugar alcohol or sugar acid can be produced by using this method, and they can be used as constituents in pharmaceutical or cosmetic products or in foodstuffs or as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for producing ethyleneamines, in which ethylene oxide (EO) is continuously reacted with ammonia on an inorganic ion exchanger as a heterogeneous catalyst in anhydrous conditions in a first reaction stage, the obtained reaction product containing monoethanolamine (MEOA), diethanolamine (DEOA), and triethanolamine (TEOA) at a weight ratio MEOA: DEOA: TEOA = 80 - 94: 5.9 - 15: 0.1 - 5, and the reaction product is then continuously reacted with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst in a second reaction stage.
Abstract:
Disclosed are catalysts, the catalytically active mass of which contains 22 to 40 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO2, 1 to 30 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 15 to 50 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, the molar ratio between nickel and copper being greater than 1, 15 to 50 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of cobalt, calculated as CoO, and less than 1 percent by weight of an alkali metal, calculated as alkali metal oxide, prior to being treated with hydrogen. Also disclosed is a method for the production of amines by reacting primary and secondary alcohols, aldehydes, or ketones with hydrogen and nitrogen compounds selected from the group ammonia, primary and secondary amines, in the presence of said catalysts at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of producing the N-substituted 2,6-dialkyl morpholines of general formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl, or R1 and R2 , together with the carbon atom to witch they are bound, represent a 5 to 14 membered carbocyclic compound, and R3 and R4 independently represent alkyl or cycloalkyl. The inventive substances are produced by reacting at least one carbonyl compound of general formula (II) with at least one morpholine of general formula (III) in the presence of hydrogen and at least one metal-containing catalyst, the active component of said catalyst substantially consisting of platinum group metals and essentially no silver.
Abstract:
Process for preparing 1,1,4,4-tetraalkoxybut-2-ene derivatives of the general formula (I), where the radicals R 1 and R 2 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as phenyl, or C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl or R 1 and R 2 together with the double bond to which they are bound form a C 6 -C 12 -aryl radical, such as phenyl, a phenyl radical substituted by one or more C 1 -C 6 -alkyl groups, halogen atoms or alkoxy groups or a monounsaturated or polyunsaturated C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl radical, R 3 , R 4 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl or nitrile, which comprises electrochemically oxidizing 1,4-dialkoxy-1,3-butadiene of the formula II where the radicals R 1 , R 3 and R 4 have the same meanings as in the formula I, in the presence of a C 1 -C 6 -alkyl alcohol.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of N-substituted 2,6-dialkylmorpholines of the formula I in which R 1 and R 2 , independently of one another, are hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl, or R 1 and R 2 together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded are a 5- to 14-membered carbocycle, and R 3 and R 4 , independently of one another, are alkyl or cycloalkyl, by reacting at least one carbonyl compound of the formula II in which R 1 and R 2 have the meanings given above, with at least one morpholine of the formula III in which R 3 and R 4 have the meanings given above, in the presence of hydrogen and at least one metal-containing catalyst, wherein the active component of the catalyst consists essentially of platinum group metals.
Abstract:
Disclosed are catalysts, the catalytically active mass of which contains 22 to 40 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO 2 , 1 to 30 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 15 to 50 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, the molar ratio between nickel and copper being greater than 1, 15 to 50 percent by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of cobalt, calculated as CoO, and less than 1 percent by weight of an alkali metal, calculated as alkali metal oxide, prior to being treated with hydrogen. Also disclosed is a method for the production of amines by reacting primary and secondary alcohols, aldehydes, or ketones with hydrogen and nitrogen compounds selected from the group ammonia, primary and secondary amines, in the presence of said catalysts at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure.
Abstract:
Selective hydrogenation of alpha , beta -ethylenically unsaturated aldehydes (II) to corresponding unsaturated alcohols (I) comprises performing reaction in a reactor containing a liquid phase, suspended catalyst and optionally a gas phase, The liquid phase and gas phase (if present) are supplied to the reactor through a device (A) with openings or channels having a hydraulic diameter of 0.5-2 mm. Selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes of formula R R C=CR -CHO (II) to corresponding alcohols of formula R R C=CR -CH2OH (I) comprises performing the reaction in a reactor containing a liquid phase, suspended catalyst and optionally a gas phase. The liquid phase and optionally the gas phase are supplied to the reactor through a device (A) with openings or channels having a hydraulic diameter of 0.5-2 mm. R , R = H, optionally substituted mono- or polyunsaturated 1-20C alkyl (sic; some of the groups exemplified in the disclosure are saturated), optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; R = H or 1-4C alkyl.
Abstract:
Selective liquid hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds to the corresponding alcohols is effected using a platinum/zinc oxide catalyst. Selective liquid hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds of formula R C(O)R (I) to the corresponding alcohols of formula R C(OH)R (II) is effected using a platinum/zinc oxide catalyst. R and R = H, optionally mono- or poly-unsaturated, optionally substituted 1-20C alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heterocyclic group.