公开(公告)号：US12025495B2

公开(公告)日：2024-07-02

申请号：US17750264

申请日：2022-05-20

Applicant: Joseph Daniel Vance

Inventor： Joseph Daniel Vance

IPC: G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/447

CPC classification number: G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/447

Abstract: A light frequency standard for use as an optical clock is disclosed that is improved by optical pumping. Optical pumping is utilized to change the ground states of the atomic vapor from transition-forbidden to transition-allowed ground states involved in two-photon absorption process. Using an optical pump creates a stronger absorption line signal used for locking the laser to an absolute frequency. An optical spectrometer based upon two-photon absorption is disclosed that is improved by optical pumping, utilizing two optical pumps. The first optical pump provides photons that may combine with probe light for two-photon absorption, but it also depletes absorbing atoms that are in ground states. The second optical pump replenishes the supply of absorbing atoms into ground states allowing two-photon absorption between the first optical pump and the probe light. Two-photon absorption between the second pump light and the probe light is forbidden due to energy mismatch.

公开(公告)号：US11872015B2

公开(公告)日：2024-01-16

申请号：US17151216

申请日：2021-01-18

Applicant: Cylite Pty Ltd

Inventor： Steven James Frisken

IPC: G01J3/447 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B3/10 ,  G02B27/00 ,  A61B3/00 ,  G02B21/00 ,  A61B3/18 ,  G01J3/02 ,  A61B3/12 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G02B3/00 ,  G02B27/10 ,  G02B5/18

CPC classification number: A61B5/0066 ,  A61B3/00 ,  A61B3/102 ,  A61B3/1025 ,  A61B3/1225 ,  A61B3/18 ,  A61B5/0068 ,  G01J3/0224 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G01N21/4795 ,  G02B21/0064 ,  G02B27/00 ,  G02B3/005 ,  G02B27/1086 ,  G02B2005/1804

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are presented for confocal microscopy using dispersed structured illumination. In certain embodiments the apparatus also comprises an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system, and OCT images acquired from two or more regions of a sample are registered using a corresponding set of two or more larger area images acquired with the confocal microscopy system. In preferred embodiments the apparatus is suitable for analysing the retina of an eye. The confocal microscopy system can be operated in a purely intensity mode or in a coherent mode. In other embodiments a confocal microscopy system using dispersed structured illumination is utilised for surface metrology.

公开(公告)号：US20230341265A1

公开(公告)日：2023-10-26

申请号：US17778842

申请日：2020-12-06

Applicant: Purdue Research Foundation

Inventor： Zubin Jacob ,  Fanglin Bao ,  Xueji Wang

IPC: G01J3/447 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J5/48 ,  G06V10/30 ,  G06V10/54 ,  G06V10/75

CPC classification number: G01J3/447 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J5/485 ,  G06V10/30 ,  G06V10/54 ,  G06V10/751 ,  G06V10/758 ,  G01J4/04

Abstract: A method of generating object surface texture in thermal infrared images is disclosed which includes receiving heat radiation from a scene by a spectropolarimetric imaging system, generating a plurality of spectral frames associated with the scene, each frame having a plurality of pixels, for each pixel from the generated plurality of spectral frames, extracting spectral information associated with the scene, including pixel-specific temperature representing an objects temperature, and thermal texture factor representing the objects texture, for each of a plurality of materials having a specific emissivity in a library, generating reference spectral information as a function of temperature and thermal texture, matching the extracted spectral information for each pixel from the generated plurality of spectral frames to the generated reference spectral information using a statistical method to minimize the associated variation, and extracting spectral metadata from the matched reference spectral information for the associated material based on the match.

公开(公告)号：US20230204497A1

公开(公告)日：2023-06-29

申请号：US18111740

申请日：2023-02-20

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Miikka M. Kangas ,  Mark Alan Arbore ,  David I. Simon ,  Michael J. Bishop ,  James W. Hillendahl ,  Robert Chen

IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01N21/276 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N21/4785 ,  G01J3/32 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/433 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G01J3/0286 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N2021/4709 ,  G01N2201/0221 ,  G01N2201/12723 ,  G01N21/49

Abstract: This relates to systems and methods for measuring a concentration and type of substance in a sample at a sampling interface. The systems can include a light source, optics, one or more modulators, a reference, a detector, and a controller. The systems and methods disclosed can be capable of accounting for drift originating from the light source, one or more optics, and the detector by sharing one or more components between different measurement light paths. Additionally, the systems can be capable of differentiating between different types of drift and eliminating erroneous measurements due to stray light with the placement of one or more modulators between the light source and the sample or reference. Furthermore, the systems can be capable of detecting the substance along various locations and depths within the sample by mapping a detector pixel and a microoptics to the location and depth in the sample.

公开(公告)号：US20190204594A1

公开(公告)日：2019-07-04

申请号：US15858368

申请日：2017-12-29

Applicant: Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated

Inventor： Alex Hegyi

IPC: G02B27/00 ,  G02F1/139 ,  G02F1/1335

CPC classification number: G02B27/0081 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01J3/4531 ,  G01M11/0271 ,  G02B27/4272 ,  G02F1/133528 ,  G02F1/1395

Abstract: An optical device includes a liquid-crystal variable retarder. An exit-pupil expander is optically coupled to the liquid-crystal variable retarder, the exit-pupil expander includes: at least one optical input feature that receives reference light from a reference light source; and one or more optical coupling elements coupled to receive the reference light from the reference light source and expand the reference light to one or more spatially-separated regions of the liquid-crystal variable retarder

公开(公告)号：US20190128741A1

公开(公告)日：2019-05-02

申请号：US16088875

申请日：2017-03-15

Applicant: HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K.

Inventor： Koji TAKAHASHI ,  Haruyasu ITO ,  Koyo WATANABE

IPC: G01J11/00 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G02F1/137 ,  G01J3/02

CPC classification number: G01J11/00 ,  G01J3/0297 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/13 ,  G02F1/137

Abstract: In a waveform measurement method, first, initial pulsed light is spatially dispersed for respective wavelengths. Next, the initial pulsed light is input to a polarization dependent type SLM in a state where a polarization plane is inclined with respect to a modulation axis direction, and a phase spectrum of a first polarization component of the initial pulsed light along the modulation axis direction is modulated, to cause a time difference between first pulsed light Lp1 including the first polarization component and second pulsed light Lp2 including a second polarization component orthogonal to the first polarization component. After combining the wavelength components, an object is irradiated with the pulsed light Lp1 and the pulsed light Lp2, and light generated in the object is detected. The above detection operation is performed while changing the time difference, and a temporal waveform of the pulsed light Lp1 is obtained.

公开(公告)号：US20180299252A1

公开(公告)日：2018-10-18

申请号：US16013664

申请日：2018-06-20

Applicant: ADOM, ADVANCED OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

Inventor： Yoel Arieli ,  Yoel Cohen

IPC: G01B9/02 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G01N21/31

CPC classification number: G01B9/02091 ,  G01B9/02019 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0224 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G01J3/453 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N2201/0636 ,  G01N2201/0683

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described including a line spectrometer that receives a point of light. The line spectrometer includes a first optical element, and a second optical element configured to convert the point of light to a line of light and to direct the line of light toward the first optical element. The first optical element defines first and second surfaces, a distance between the first and second surface varying as a function of distance along the first optical element, the first optical element thereby being configured to generate first and second reflected lines of light that reflect respectively from the first and second surfaces. A detector array receives the first and second lines of light, and generates an interferogram in response thereto. A computer processor determines a spectrum of the point of light, by analyzing the interferogram. Other applications are also described.

公开(公告)号：US20180284013A1

公开(公告)日：2018-10-04

申请号：US15562791

申请日：2016-03-30

Applicant: Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurweten schappelijk onderzoek TNO

Inventor： Hedser van Brug ,  Huibert Visser

IPC: G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/447

CPC classification number: G01N21/21 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0224 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G01J4/04 ,  G01N21/538 ,  G01N2021/1793 ,  G01N2021/4704 ,  G01N2021/4711 ,  G01N2021/4792

Abstract: The invention pertains to an aerosol detector system for spatially resolved detection of an aerosol distribution in an area, comprising: a wide field polarization preserving telescope having telecentric imaging optics for imaging the earth surface onto a detector; said detector receiving phase stepped images imaged by said telescope; and a controller coupled to the detector, arranged to provide a resulting image as a function of corresponding pixel values of the multiple images to produce an image at a spatially resolved polarization state corresponding to said aerosol substance; wherein the telescope comprises a first telecentric imaging lens group and a wavelength filter positioned in a field image of the first telescope telecentric beam to define a spectral range of interest; the telescope further comprising: a converging lens group converging the beam to a pupil stop; relay optics including a second telecentric imaging lens group arranged to generate a telecentric beam; and splitter optics, comprising a polarization splitter for the selected wavelength range to split the telebeam into polarized beams; a further splitter; and a retarder to create multiple phase stepped images at different polarizations, the detector comprising multiple image sensors positioned in imaging planes after the splitter optics, and said polarization splitter, further splitter and retarder positioned in the telecentric beam of the second telecentric imaging lens group.

公开(公告)号：US20180238737A1

公开(公告)日：2018-08-23

申请号：US15962826

申请日：2018-04-25

Applicant: ASML NETHERLANDS B.V.

Inventor： Chi-Hsiang FAN ,  Maurits VAN DER SCHAAR ,  Youping ZHANG

IPC: G01J3/447 ,  G03C7/00

CPC classification number: G01J3/447 ,  G01J2003/283 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G03C7/00 ,  G03F7/70616 ,  G03F7/70633 ,  G03F7/70683

Abstract: A method of measuring n values of a parameter of interest (e.g., overlay) relating to a structure forming process, where n>1. The method includes performing n measurements on each of n+1 targets, each measurement performed with measurement radiation having a different wavelength and/or polarization combination and determining the n values for a parameter of interest from the n measurements of n+1 targets, each of the n values relating to the parameter of interest for a different pair of the layers. Each target includes n+1 layers, each layer including a periodic structure, the targets including at least n biased targets having at least one biased periodic structure formed with a positional bias relative to the other layers, the biased periodic structure being in at least a different one of the layers per biased target. Also disclosed is a substrate having such a target and a patterning device for forming such a target.

公开(公告)号：US20180191932A1

公开(公告)日：2018-07-05

申请号：US15395803

申请日：2016-12-30

Applicant: X Development LLC

Inventor： Martin Friedrich Schubert ,  Michael Jason Grundmann

IPC: H04N5/238 ,  H04N5/235 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/447 ,  H01L27/146

CPC classification number: H04N5/238 ,  G01J3/0224 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/447 ,  G01J3/513 ,  G01J2003/2806 ,  G01J2003/2813 ,  G01J2003/282 ,  G01J2003/516 ,  H01L27/14625 ,  H01L27/14629 ,  H04N5/2254 ,  H04N5/2351 ,  H04N9/045

Abstract: A device includes a first multi-element image sensor; a second multi-element image sensor; and a polarizing layer positioned between the first and second multi-element image sensors. A portion of light having a first polarization state incident on the device along a first direction is transmitted through the first image sensor, is transmitted through the polarizing layer, and is detected by the second image sensor, and light having a second polarization state orthogonal to the first polarization state incident on the device along the first direction is transmitted through the first image sensor, is blocked by the polarizing layer.