Abstract:
The invention relates to a continuous method for separating out a solid, saline phase containing alkaline and/or alkaline earth acetates from the product mixture of the production of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) by reacting methyl acetate (MeOAc) with dimethylamine (DMA) in the presence of a catalyst containing N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), methyl acetate (MeOAc), dimethylamine (DMA) and a catalyst, with the following method steps: level-regulated feeding of the product mix as a feed flow into an evaporation container of a forced circulation reboiler; flash evaporation of volatile components of the product mix in the forced circulation reboiler with the formation of a vapour phase containing N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and precipitation of a solid, saline phase containing alkaline or alkaline earth acetates; feed back of the volatile components of the product mixture obtained after flash evaporation; discharging an N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) containing a vapour phase from the evaporator container as a discharge flow; concentration of the solid, saline phase containing alkaline or alkaline earth acetates in the forced circulation reboiling circuit of the forced circulation reboiler; separation of a partial flow comprising the solid, saline phase containing alkaline and/or alkaline earth acetates from the forced circulation reboiling circuit of the forced circulation reboiler; solid/liquid separation of the separated partial flow in at least one separator into a solid, saline phase containing alkaline and/or alkaline earth acetates and a liquid phase; and feeding of the liquid phase obtained after the solid/liquid separation back into the forced circulation reboiling circuit as a feedback flow. The method is characterized in that the volatile components of the product mix obtained after flash evaporation and the solid, saline phase containing alkaline and/or alkaline earth acetates are fed back into the evaporation container through an infeed which ends in a range from 30 cm above the level surface to 20 cm below the level surface of the fill level of the evaporation container.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing an amine by reacting a primary or secondary alcohol, aldehyde and/or ketone with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound, selected from the group containing ammonia and primary and secondary amines, in the presence of a supported catalyst that contains copper, nickel and cobalt. According to the invention, the catalytically active mass of the catalyst, prior to the reduction of the same using hydrogen, contains oxygen-containing compounds of aluminium, copper, nickel and cobalt and an amount ranging between 0.2 and 5.0 wt. % of oxygen-containing compounds of tin, calculated as SnO. The invention also relates to catalysts defined as above.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing aromatic amines by the catalytic hydration of the corresponding nitro compounds, particularly for producing toluylenediamine by the hydration of dinitrotoluene, characterized in that hydration catalysts are employed, in which a mixture of nickel, palladium and an addition element, selected from the group containing cobalt, iron, vanadium, manganese, chromium, platinum, iridium, gold, bismuth, molybdenum, selenium, tellurium, stannous, and antimony, is present as the active component on a carrier.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a reactor for carrying out high pressure reactions, comprising at least one tube (31), the ends of which pass through respective tube sheets (33) and connect to the tube sheets (33). The tube sheets (33) and the at least one tube (31) are enclosed by an outer shell so that an external space (39) is formed between the tube (31) and the outer shell. The tube sheets (33) each comprise at least one surface made of a nickel base alloy, and the at least one tube (31) is welded to the surface made of the nickel base alloy. The surface made of the nickel base alloy faces in the direction of the respective end of the reactor. The outer shell has a thickness sufficient to absorb stress forces that occur as a result of a difference in expansion due to a temperature difference between the tube (31) and the outer shell. The invention further relates to a method for starting up the reactor and for carrying out an exothermal reaction in the reactor.