Abstract:
A method and apparatus for treating material surfaces (13) using a repetitively pulsed ion beam (11). In particular, the treatment is tailored by adjusting treatment parameters of a pulsed ion beam (11) to a duration less than or equal to 1000 ns and a repetition rate of less than 1 Hz.
Abstract:
A multiple charged-particle detector system includes a plurality of charged-particle detector assemblies (10-12) which are each made up of a first arm (19-22) and a second arm (24-27) extending at an angle to each other. Charged particles (4-7) enter an aperture (14-18) at the entrance of the first arm (19-22) of each detector assembly (10-12) and strike a dynode (30-33) positioned at the intersection of the two arms causing electrons to be emitted by the dynode (30-33). Some of the electrons pass into the second arms (24-27) of the detector assemblies (10-12) and are detected by a continuous-dynode electron multiplier (35-38). The first arms (19-22) are narrower than the detectors (35-38), and the detector assemblies (10-12) are arranged in such a way that the minimum separation at which charged-particle beams (4-7) can be detected is determined by the widths of the said first arms (19-22) of the detector assemblies (10-12), and not by the widths of the detectors (35-38) themselves.
Abstract:
A cathode assembly is for use in a radiation generator and includes an ohmically heated cathode, and a support having formed therein a hole and a recess at least partially surrounding the hole. In addition, there is a mount coupled to the support. The mount includes a larger outer frame positioned within the recess, a smaller inner frame carrying the ohmically heated cathode and spaced apart from the larger outer frame, and a plurality of members coupling the smaller inner frame to the larger outer frame.
Abstract:
In certain example embodiments of this invention, there is provide an ion source including an anode (25) and a cathode (5). In certain example embodiments, the cathode does not overhang over the anode, or vice versa. Since no, or fewer, areas of overhang are provided between the anode and cathode, there is less undesirable build-up on the anode and/or cathode during operation of the ion source so that the source can run more efficiently. Moreover, in certain example embodiments, an insulator (35) such as a ceramic or the like is provided between the anode and cathode.
Abstract:
A plasma ion source comprises a cathode chamber (1) with a gas input unit (2). A hollow cathode (3) forming an anode chamber (4) is connected with the cathode chamber (1) via the outlet made in the wall of the latter. The ion source structure includes an electrostatic system of ion extraction with an emission electrode (5) fixed in the anode chamber (4) outlet. With the help of a magnetic system, in the cathode (1) and anode (4) chambers the magnetic field is created with the induction vector of a preferably axial direction. An ignition electrode electrically connected with the hollow anode (3) is fixed in the cathode chamber (1). An additional electrode (10) is mounted in the outlet of the cathode chamber (1), which is insulated from the hollow anode (3) and the cathode chamber (1). The additional electrode (10) has an axial orifice with a diameter much smaller than the maximum internal cross section of the hollow anode (3). The electrical discharge between the cathode (1) and anode (4) chambers is ignited through the orifice. A particular ion source configuration and the oparation method correspond to the present invention and ensure increased energy and gas efficiency and high degree of uniformity of the generated ion current density.
Abstract:
A cathode assembly is for use in a radiation generator and includes an ohmically heated cathode, and a support having formed therein a hole and a recess at least partially surrounding the hole. In addition, there is a mount coupled to the support. The mount includes a larger outer frame positioned within the recess, a smaller inner frame carrying the ohmically heated cathode and spaced apart from the larger outer frame, and a plurality of members coupling the smaller inner frame to the larger outer frame.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a system for implanting ions into a target element including a source arrangement (230) for producing an ion beam; a beam analyzing arrangent for receiving the ion beam and selectively separating various ion species in the beam on the basis of mass to produce an analyzed beam; and a beam resolving arrangent disposed in the path of the analyzed beam for permitting a preselected ion species to pass to the target element. The ion source arrangement (230) comprises an arc chamber (230C) having an elongate exit aperture (232), and an elongate filament-cathode (230D). Bias and operating potentials are provided for the source arrangement and gaseous material to be ionized is supplied to the chamber. The ion source (230) utilises an electromagnet arrangement (280) having poles (281) aligned with the source filament (230D) for causing the electrons emitted by the filament to spiral around and create ions of the gaseous material supplied to the chamber (230C) and to compensate for non-uniformity in the ion beam emitted along the chamber, current to the field coils of the magnet for each pole is controlled independently.