Abstract:
A method of thermally conditioning a physical object, includes guiding a two-phase cooling medium through a cooling duct of the physical object, wherein the guiding includes: guiding the two-phase cooling medium in a liquid phase via a pre-heating duct of the physical object from a supply side of the physical object at least partly towards a discharging side of the physical object, the two-phase cooling medium being pre-heated in the pre-heating duct; guiding the two-phase cooling medium from the pre-heating duct to a phase transitioning duct of the physical object, the two-phase cooling medium at least partly transitioning from the liquid phase towards a gas phase in the phase transitioning duct; guiding the two-phase cooling medium from the phase transitioning duct to a discharging duct of the physical object; and discharging at the discharging side the two-phase cooling medium from the discharging duct.
Abstract:
A pump includes a collecting duct to guide a two-phase fluid provided with magnetic field responsive particles, a collecting duct magnet system arranged along the collecting duct and configured to generate a magnetic field in at least a part of the collecting duct, a pumping duct to guide the two-phase fluid, a pumping duct inlet being connected to a collecting duct outlet, and a pumping duct magnet system arranged along the pumping duct and configured to generate a magnetic field in at least a part of the pumping duct. A pump driver is configured to drive the collecting duct magnet system to generate a spatial repetition of collecting duct magnetic fields moving along a length of the collecting duct, and is configured to drive the pumping duct magnet system to generate a spatial repetition of pumping duct magnetic fields moving along a length of the pumping duct.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus is described having a liquid supply system configured to at least partly fill a space between a projection system of the lithographic apparatus and a substrate with liquid, a barrier member arranged to substantially contain the liquid within the space, and a heater.
Abstract:
A support for an object, e.g., a semiconductor substrate, includes a main body having a surface configured and arranged to have a plurality of projections. Each of the projections has an associated electrostatic actuator for displacing a free end of the associated projection relative to the main body at least in a direction in a plane parallel to a main surface of the object.
Abstract:
A sensor includes two shear-mode piezoelectric transducers, wherein each piezoelectric transducer has a bottom surface and a top surface, wherein the top surfaces of the piezoelectric transducers are rigidly connected to each other, and wherein the bottom surfaces of the piezoelectric transducers are configured to be attached to an object to be measured.
Abstract:
A projection system, configured to project a radiation beam onto a target, includes a rotatable frame configured to rotate about an axis defining a tangential direction and a radial direction, wherein the rotatable frame holds a lens configured to focus the radiation beam in only the tangential or radial direction; and a stationary part comprising a substantially stationary lens configured to focus the radiation beam in only the other of the tangential or radial direction.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus is described having a liquid supply system configured to at least partly fill a space between a projection system of the lithographic apparatus and a substrate with liquid, a barrier member arranged to substantially contain the liquid within the space, and a heater.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus is described having a liquid supply system configured to at least partly fill a space between a projection system of the lithographic apparatus and a substrate with liquid, a barrier member arranged to substantially contain the liquid within the space, and a heater.
Abstract:
A radiation collector comprising a first collector segment comprising a plurality of grazing incidence reflector shells configured to direct radiation to converge in a first location at a distance from the radiation collector, a second collector segment comprising a plurality of grazing incidence reflector shells configured to direct radiation to converge in a second location at said distance from the radiation collector, wherein the first location and the second location are separated from one another.