Abstract:
An apparatus to measure the position of a mark, the apparatus including an objective lens to direct radiation on a mark using radiation supplied by an illumination arrangement; an optical arrangement to receive radiation diffracted and specularly reflected by the mark, wherein the optical arrangement is configured to provide a first image and a second image, the first image being formed by coherently adding specularly reflected radiation and positive diffraction order radiation and the second image being formed by coherently adding specularly reflected radiation and negative diffraction order radiation; and a detection arrangement to detect variation in an intensity of radiation of the first and second images and to calculate a position of the mark in a direction of measurement therefrom.
Abstract:
In a lithographic process product units such as semiconductor wafers are subjected to lithographic patterning operations and chemical and physical processing operations. Alignment data or other measurements are made at stages during the performance of the process to obtain object data representing positional deviation or other parameters measured at points spatially distributed across each wafer. This object data is used to obtain diagnostic information by performing a multivariate analysis to decompose the set of said vectors representing the wafers in said multidimensional space into one or more component vectors. Diagnostic information about the industrial process is extracted using said component vectors. The performance of the industrial process for subsequent product units can be controlled based on the extracted diagnostic information.
Abstract:
A method for providing temporary measurement targets during a multiple patterning process which can be removed in the completion of the process. The metrology target is defined in either the first or the second exposure of a multiple exposure process and whether or not it is temporary or made permanent is selected according to whether or not the area of the target is covered or cleared out in the other exposure. The use of temporary targets reduces the amount of space on the substrate that must be devoted to targets.
Abstract:
A deformation pattern recognition method including providing one or more deformation patterns, each deformation pattern being associated with a deformation of a substrate that may be caused by a processing device; transferring a first pattern to a substrate, the first pattern including at least N alignment marks, wherein each alignment mark is positioned at a respective predefined nominal position; processing the substrate; measuring a position of N alignment marks and determining an alignment mark displacement for the N alignment marks by comparing the respective nominal position with the respective measured position; fitting at least one deformation pattern to the measured alignment mark displacements; determining an accuracy value for each fitted deformation pattern, the accuracy value being representative of the accuracy of the corresponding fit; using the determined accuracy value, determining whether an associated deformation pattern is present.
Abstract:
An mark used in the determination of overlay error comprises sub-features (46), the sub-features having a smallest pitch approximately equal to the smallest pitch of the product features. The sensitivity to distortions and aberrations is therefore the same as that for the product features. However, when the mark is developed the sub-features merge and only the outline of the larger feature is developed.