Abstract:
Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C1-C4-alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.
Abstract:
Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C1-C4-alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.
Abstract:
The invention concerns powdery complexes comprising iodine and a crosslinked polymer based on N-vinyl compounds and obtained by the dry heating of iodine and a polymer obtained by polymerizing monovinyl compounds (monomers A), of which the vinyl group is bonded to an N-atom of a nitrogenous heterocyclic ring, in the presence of between 0.5 and 10 wt %, relative to the monomers (A), of a compound (B) of general formula (I), A standing for -CH- or an N-atom and n being 2 or 3. The complexes are suitable for producing anti-diarrhoeal agents.
Abstract:
The invention concerns mixtures of (I) polymers of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with a molecular weight of 200 to 5,000 and (II) (1) copolymers with a molecular weight of 10,000 to 150,000 consisting of (a) 10 to 70 % by wt. of monoethylenically unsaturated C4 to C8 dicarboxylic acids or salts thereof and (b) 30 to 90 % by wt. of monoethylenically unsaturated C3 to C10 monocarboxylic acids and/or salts thereof, (2) homopolymers and copolymers with a molecular weight of 1,000 to 500,00 consisting of monoethylenically unsaturated C3 to C10 monocarboxylic acids, (3) graft polymers with a molecular weight of 5,000 to 150,000 obtained by the radical-initiated graft polymerization of (A) monoethylenically unsaturated C3 to C10 carboxylic acids, their anhydrides and/or their salts in the presence of (B) mono-, oligo- or polysaccharides derivatives thereof, in the ratio by weight of A:B of (95 to 100):(5 to 80) and/or (4) polyaminocarboxylic acids and/or polymers containing aminocarboxylic groups, the mixtures containing components (I) and (II) in the ratio by weight of 10:0.5 to 0.5:10. The invention also concerns the use of such mixtures as additives in phosphate-free or phosphate-reduced textile-washing agents or as dispersants and deposit-prevention agents in cleaning agents for hard surfaces.
Abstract:
Verfahren zur Herstellung von pulverfömigen wasserlöslichen Polymerisaten durch Polymerisieren von wasserlöslichen ethylenisch ungesättigen Monomeren in einem Pulverbett in Gegenwart von Polymerisationsinitiatoren und Wasser unter Aufrechterhaltung des Pulverzustands, Abführen der Polymerisationswärme durch Abdestillieren von Wasser und Umwälzung der Reaktionsmasse, wobei man als Polymerisationsinitiatoren wasserunlösliche, bei Temperaturen von 20°C flüssige organische Peroxide allein oder in Mischung mit bis zu 50 Gew.%, bezogen auf die Initiatormischung, an wasserlöslichen, organischen Azostartern und/oder wasserunlöslichen, bei 20°C festen, Peroxigruppen enthaltenden Verbindungen einsetzt.
Abstract:
Formaldehyde-free aqueous binders containing: A) a polymer consisting of 5 t o 100 wt% of an ethylenically unsaturated acid anhydride or an ethylenically unsaturated bicarboxylic acid, the carboxylic acid groups of which can form an anhydride group, and B) an alkanol amine with at least two hydroxyl groups.
Abstract:
Graft polymers are obtainable by free radical polymerization of (A) monomers or monomer mixtures comprising (a) from 10 to 100% by weight of N-vinylcarboxamides of the formula (see formula I), where R1 and R2 are each H or C1-C6-alkyl, (b) from 0 to 90% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and (c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers having at least two ethylenically unsaturated, nonconjugated double bonds in the molecule in the presence of (B) polymers which contain at least 3 units of a C2-C4-alkylene oxide, and/or polytetrahydrofurans, in a weight ratio (A) : (B) of (95 to 10) : (5 to 90) , and, if required, subsequent elimination of some or all of the groups (see formula II) from the polymerized monomers (a) of the graft polymer with formation of units of the formula (see formula III) The graft polymers can be used as dry and wet strength agents, as fixing agents fear interfering substances and fillers, as retention aids and drainage aids in the production of paper and as promoters in the diketene sizing of paper, board and cardboard, as dispersants for pigments, as starch cationizing agents and as assistants in the production of tissue papers.
Abstract:
Starch is cationically modified by reacting starch with polymers which contain amino and/or ammonium groups in an aqueous medium at from 115 to 180.degree.C under superatmospheric pressure in the absence of oxidizing agents, polymerization initiators and alkali, by a process in which the reaction is carried out in a manner such that a reduction in molecular weight occurs in not more than 10% by weight of the starch, and the reaction products thus obtainable are used as dry strength agents for paper.