Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon in the gas phase and in the presence of molecular oxygen, in which a part of a product gas is recirculated to a reaction zone, and a reactor for carrying out such a process. SOLUTION: In the process, a reaction gas containing at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is supplied to the reaction zone; the reaction gas is passed in the reaction zone through at least one fixed catalyst bed, wherein the reaction gas is subjected to catalytic dehydrogenation to produce molecular hydrogen and at least one partial dehydrogenated hydrocarbon; the reaction gas, before and/or after entering the reaction zone, is added with a gas containing at least one molecular oxygen-containing gas; the molecular oxygen partially oxidizes the molecular hydrogen contained in the reaction gas in the reaction zone to form water steam; a gas product containing the molecular hydrogen, water steam, at least one dehydrogenated hydrocarbon, and at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated is withdrawn from the reaction zone; at least one hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in the gas phase is partially dehydrogenated by a continuous heterogeneous catalyst. In the partial dehydrogenation method using the continuous heterogeneous catalyst, the reaction gas withdrawn from the reaction zone is divided into two parts being the same in composition, one of which is recycled into reaction zone as a circulating gas. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for oxidizing at least one organic substance with oxygen, comprising the following steps: a) adding the at least one organic substance, in the form of a liquid, and an oxygen-containing gas stream to a first reaction stage, to form a reaction mixture, at least some of the oxygen reacting with the organic compound to form a reaction product, b) adding the reaction mixture from the first reaction stage to an adiabatically operated reaction stage, in which the unreacted organic substance undergoes at least partial further reaction to form the product. The invention additionally relates to an apparatus for implementing the process.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a multi-stage method for the continuous production of organic, distillable polyisocyanates, preferably diisocyanates, especially preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, by reacting the corresponding organic polyamines with carbonic acid derivatives and alcohol in low-molecular monomer polyurethanes and to the thermal splitting of the latter. During said method, the polyisocyanates produced and unusable residues are separated at specific reaction stages and reusable secondary and intermediate products are recirculated to the initial stages.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la obtención de ácido cianhídrico (HCN) mediante deshidratación catalítica de formamida gaseosa en presencia de oxígeno ambiental en un reactor, que presenta una superficie de reactor interna constituida por un acero que contiene hierro, así como cromo y níquel, llevándose a cabo el procedimiento a una presión de 200 a 250 mbar, y no conteniendo el reactor elementos de inserción y/o catalizadores adicionales.
Abstract:
A method (M1) for mixing liquids or mixtures of liquids and finely-divided solids (I) in a closed tank where (I) fills only part of the available volume and the rest is filled by gas, by feeding in the same liquid or mixture (I) as a propulsive jet from a nozzle with a pulse-exchange space containing the jet nozzle outlet, in which the intake zone between jet nozzle and pulse-exchange space (PES) has a casing with at least one intake which is below the central jet leading from the nozzle to the PES. Independent claims are included for (1) a jet nozzle as above in which the casing has at least one intake opening into a dip tube or at least one connection for such a tube (2) a mixing method (M2) as above in which a different liquid or mixture is fed in as a propulsive jet .
Abstract:
Liquid organic compounds are hydrogenated by a process in which the hydrogen present in the reactor contains proportions of at least one gas which is inert in the hydrogenation reaction.
Abstract:
Production of alkylaromatic compounds (I), by reacting 3-30C olefins (II) (or alcohols forming (II) under the reaction conditions) with aromatic hydrocarbons (III) in presence of an alkylation catalyst (IV), is carried out in a cascade of at least two reactors each containing (IV), where at least 80 % of (III) is supplied to the first reactor of the cascade and at least 40 % of (II) is supplied after the first reactor. An independent claim is included for the preparation of alkylarylsulfonates (A), by: (1) converting a 4C olefin mixture over a metathesis catalyst to give an olefin mixture containing 2-pentene and/or 2-hexene; (2) catalytically dimerizing the 2-pentene and/or 2-hexene (optionally after isolation) to give a mixture containing 10-12C olefins, optionally separating the 10-12C olefins and separating 5-30 wt. % (based on the 10-12C olefins) of low-boiling components of the 10-12C olefins; (3) reacting the obtained 10-12C olefin mixture with (III) in presence of (IV) to give alkylaromatic compounds (I'), optionally with addition of 0-60 wt. % (based on the 10-12C olefin mixture) of linear olefins before the reaction; (4) sulfonating (I') and neutralizing to give (A), optionally with addition of 0-60 wt. % (based on (I')) of linear alkylbenzenes (provided that no mixing has been carried out in the previous step); and (5) optionally mixing the obtained (A) with optionally with addition of 0-60 wt. % (based on (A)) of linear aralkylsulfonates (provided that no mixing has been carried out either of the previous two steps); The novel feature being that the reaction in the alkylation stage (3) is carried out as for the present procedure for preparing (I).
Abstract:
Reactor (1) para reacciones de gas/líquido o gas/líquido/sólido con eje longitudinal orientado verticalmente, con alimentación (2) de una corriente de educto líquida o líquida/sólida en la región superior del reactor y una corriente gaseosa (3) en la región inferior del reactor (1), caracterizado por - al menos dos cámaras (4) dispuestas una sobre otra en dirección longitudinal, en donde - las cámaras (4) están separadas entre ellas por fondos (5) estancos al líquido, - cada cámara (4) está unida en cada caso mediante un rebose de líquido (6) a la cámara (4) situada justo debajo y, a través del rebose de líquido (6) de la cámara inferior (4), se extrae una corriente de producto líquida, - la cámara de gas (7) por encima del nivel de líquido en cada cámara (4) está unida a la cámara dispuesta en cada caso justo por encima, mediante uno o varios tubos de alimentación de gas (8) que desemboca(n) en cada caso en un distribuidor de gas (9) con aberturas (11) para la salida de gas por debajo delnivel de líquido, en donde las aberturas (11) del distribuidor de gas (9) para la salida de gas están separadas del fondo (5) de la cámara (4) de un 40% a un 90% de la altura del líquido en la cámara (4), medida desde el fondo (5) de la cámara (4) al rebose de líquido, - así como por al menos una chapa directriz (12) dispuesta verticalmente alrededor de cada distribuidor de gas (9), cuyo extremo superior termina por debajo del nivel de líquido y cuyo extremo inferior termina por encima del fondo (5) estanco a los líquidos de la cámara (4), y que separa cada cámara (4) en uno o varios espacios con gas (13) y uno o varios espacios sin gas (14), y en donde - en una cámara o varias, con preferencia en todas las cámaras (4), se han previsto en los espacios sin gas (14) suplementos (15) para alojar cuerpos de relleno de catalizador, con uno o varios conductos de drenaje (16) verticales, con preferencia dispuestos simétricamente unos con relación a otros y permeables a los líquidos, que están abiertos por arriba y cerrados por abajo o tubos perforados (18), dispuestos verticalmente, que están abiertos por arriba y cerrados por abajo, así como con paredes (17) permeables a los líquidos en la región de las chapas directrices (12), o en donde - en una o varias, con preferencia en todas las cámaras (4) del reactor (1) se ha introducido en los espacios sin gas (14) un catalizador sólido, en forma de una empaquetadura dispuesta recubierta con catalizador o como un monolito recubierto con catalizador.