Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing 3-hydroxypropionic acid in high yield by using 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde as a 3C constituent. SOLUTION: The objective 3-hydroxypropionic acid or its salt is produced by using 3 hydroxypropionaldehyde as a 3C constituent and at least 10wt.% catalyst expressed in terms of a noble metal based on the 3C constituent when the 3C constituent is catalytically oxidized with oxygen or a gas containing the oxygen in aqueous phase in the presence of the catalyst containing the noble metal of the platinum group, and further the objective 3-hydroxypropionic acid or its salt is isolated from the reaction mixture. Moreover, preferably, the catalyst is used in the amount corresponding to 20-50wt.% based on the 3C constituent and a supported catalyst containing platinum is especially used as the catalyst. The catalytic oxidation is preferably performed without regulating the pH at a temperature within a range of 20-60 deg.C.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the subject compound in a high yield useful as a synthetic material by a catalytic oxidation of a C3 component. SOLUTION: This objective malonic acid or its salt can be obtained by carrying out the catalytic oxidation of the C3 component in water phase by oxygen or oxygen containing gas in the presence of a catalyst containing a noble metal selected from platinum group (e.g. Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt), at pH >=6, at the temperature range of 20-60 deg.C. Easily purchasable 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid or their aqueous solution is used as the C3 component. The catalysts containing Palladium or Platinum is preferred as the reaction catalyst, the amount of the catalyst to the C3 component is preferably 20-50wt.%.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a Raney copper to be used as catalyst for dehydrogenation of an alcohol. SOLUTION: The Raney copper is a Raney copper doped with iron and/or at least one metal selected from a group consisting of noble metals.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain high activity by preliminarily producing metal alloy fibers and/or metal alloy flocks by a crucible metal extraction method, subsequently making them into tablets, pressing them into a mat and/or filling a cartridge with them. SOLUTION: A rapidly cooled material having a controllable shape is obtained by the crucible melting/extracting method, i.e., the method to use a rectangular crucible and a water-cooling copper-made rotary wheel having notches specially formed on the surface of the crucible. The metal alloy flocks or the metal alloy fibers having fixed length and diameter are obtained as the final product according to the design of the notches of the rotary wheel. Subsequently the cartridge is filled with these flocks and/or fibers and they are activated with caustic soda solution. Or these flocks and/or fibers are made into tablets and/or pressed into a mat, optionally using a binder such as nickel powder, which are then calcinated in the air and activated with caustic soda solution.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a platinum carrier catalyst for the anode of a PEM fuel cell having good resistance against poisoning from carbon monoxide by containing platinum and ruthenium crystallite mutually unalloyed and having specific sizes on a fine conductive carrier material. SOLUTION: A fine conductive carrier material made of carbon black, graphitized carbon black, graphite, or activated carbon is dispersed in water. The soluble compound aqueous solution of platinum and/or ruthenium is added to this suspension, it is adjusted to pH 7-9 by an alkaline solution, and a reducing agent containing aldehyde is added at a constant temperature of 50-80 deg.C. Platinum and/or ruthenium is reduced and completely deposited on the material, then are filtered, washed, and dried at 200 deg.C or below. The platinum and ruthenium of two noble metals are mutually unalloyed and highly dispersed on a carrier, and a CO-resistant platinum carrier catalyst having platinum crystallite below 2 nm and ruthenium crystallite below 1 nm is obtained.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a catalyst capable of advantageously performing the hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and hydrocracking of an organic and inorganic body by forming the catalyst only from a catalytic alloy and specifying total pore volume or the like in a molded metal-fixed bed catalyst containing a catalytic metal, an alloy component capable of eluting and if necessary, a co-catalyst. SOLUTION: In the metal-fixed bed catalyst, the catalyst is formed only from the catalytic alloy, attains 0.1-0.6 ml/g total pore volume and a part of an outside layer 0.1-2.0 mm thick from the surface is activated by the elusion of the alloy component capable being completely or partially eluted. And as the preferable catalyst component, nickel, cobalt, copper or iron and as the alloy component capable of eluting, aluminum, zinc or silicon is used. And the weight ratio of the catalyst metal and the alloy component capable of being eluted is setted to (30:70) to (70:30). Further s the co-catalyst,
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To ensure high selectively by doping iridium with at least one kind of element selected from among Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Cu and Ru. SOLUTION: This catalyst contains iridium by 0.3-12wt.%, especially O. 5-7wt.% of the amt. of the carrier material and at least one kind of metal selected from among Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Ru by 1-100wt.%, especially 5-50wt.% of the amt. of the iridium. It is produced by suspending a carrier in water, adding a soln. of salts of the required metals and reducing the salts with a water-soluble reducing agent at 0-100 deg.C. When this catalyst is used, a substd. arom. nitro compd. can be converted into the corresponding arom. amine by hydrogenation with high selectivity without producing a dehalogenated product and other undesirable by-product.
Abstract:
Raney-Kupfer, das mit mindestens einem Metall aus der Gruppe Eisen und/oder Edelmetallen dotiert ist, wird als Katalysator bei der Dehydrierung von Alkoholen eingesetzt. Als erste Alternative wird ein Raney-Kupfer-Katalysator beschrieben bei dem die ursprüngliche Legierung mehr als 50% Kupfer enthält, sodaß der entgültige Katalysator mehr restliches Aluminium enthält als man normalerweise unter denselben Aktivierungsbedingunggen findet. Als zweite Alternative wird ein Raney-Kupfer-Katalysator offenbart bei dem die ursprüngliche Legierung in Luftatmosphäre bei Temperaturen höher als 500°C vor der Aktivierung calziniert wurde.
Abstract:
Raney copper which is doped with at least one metal from the group comprising iron and/or noble metals is used as a catalyst in the dehydrogenation of alcohols.
Abstract:
A fixed bed catalyst of the Raney-type is produced from metal alloying fibers and/or flakes formed according to a crucible metal extraction process, and then tabletting, and pressing into mats and/or filling into cartridges.