Abstract:
A gas sensor, comprising an oxygen pump cell with a first pump electrode (40) and a second pump electrode (42) disposed on opposite sides of a first solid electrolyte layer (30) and a second pump electrode (42). The sensor also comprises an emf cell with an emf electrode (44) and a reference gas electrode (46) disposed on opposite sides of a second solid electrolyte layer (32). The emf electrode (44) is disposed in fluid communication to the second pump electrode (42). A via hole (50) is disposed through the first solid electrolyte layer (30), such that the first pump electrode (40) is in fluid communication with the second pump electrode (42). A protective insulating layer (20), having a passage for gas to be sensed, is disposed in contact with the first pump electrode (40). A first insulating layer (22), having a conduit (54), is disposed in contact with the emf electrode (44). A second insulating layer (24), having an air channel (56), is disposed in contact with the reference gas electrode (46). A heater (60) is disposed in thermal communication with the emf cell. At least four electrical leads are in electrical communication with the sensor. A method of producing a gas sensor is disclosed.
Abstract:
A system for measuring stress including a coilless sensor including at least one band (102) of electrically conductive and magnetostrictive material, the band having a first end (104) and a second end (106) defining a gap (112) therebetween, a measuring circuit electrically connected (108,110) to the first and second ends of the coilless sensor, the measuring circuit being configured to pass a current through the coilless sensor and measure at least one of an inductance, a resistance and an impedance of the coilless sensor in response to the current, and a processor in electrical communication with the measuring circuit, the processor being configured to calculate an amount of stress being applied to the coilless sensor based upon the measured inductance, resistance and impedance.
Abstract:
Soot content in Diesel engine lubrication oil (28) is determined using electrical resistance measurements of the oil at high frequency. A sensor (10) in the form of a capacitor (26) is immersed in the oil, wherein the oil serves as a dielectric between the plates (22, 24). The capacitance (C) and resistance (R) between the plates change as a function of engine oil condition. An inductor (54) is placed in series with the sensor, and high frequencies are sweeped over a range to fmd resonance where the capacitive and inductive reactances cancel. At this frequency, the resistance (R) of the oil (28) is measured and the condition of the oil thereby determined.
Abstract:
A system for measuring stress including a coilless sensor including at least one band (102) of electrically conductive and magnetostrictive material, the band having a first end (104) and a second end (106) defining a gap (112) therebetween, a measuring circuit electrically connected (108,110) to the first and second ends of the coilless sensor, the measuring circuit being configured to pass a current through the coilless sensor and measure at least one of an inductance, a resistance and an impedance of the coilless sensor in response to the current, and a processor in electrical communication with the measuring circuit, the processor being configured to calculate an amount of stress being applied to the coilless sensor based upon the measured inductance, resistance and impedance.
Abstract:
A transparent overlay input device (300/400) includes a transparent non-conductive substrate (306/406), a plurality of transparent conductive electrode pairs (308A, 308B/408A, 408B) and a transparent non-conductive cover (310/410A). The plurality of transparent conductive electrode pairs (308A, 308B/408A, 408B) are formed on the substrate (306/406) and each form a proximity sensitive region and include a first electrode that receives an input signal and a second electrode that provides an output signal. The first and second electrodes are capacitively coupled and the capacitance of the electrode pair changes when a conductive member, e.g., a user's finger, is located near the electrode pair (308A, 308B/408A, 408B). The transparent non-conductive cover (310/410A) is formed on the substrate (306/406) over the electrode pairs (308A, 308B/408A, 408B).
Abstract:
A gas sensor is disclosed comprising an oxygen pump cell having at least one exterior pump electrode (40, 42) and at least one interior pump electrode (44, 46) disposed on opposite sides of a first solid electrolyte layer (30). An emf cell having a first and second emf electrodes (50, 52) and first and second reference gas electrodes (54, 56) are disposed on opposite sides of a second solid electrolyte layer (32). At least one insulating layer (22) is in contact with the first and second emf electrodes (50, 52). At least one via hole (60, 62) is disposed through the first solid electrolyte layer (30). At least one air channel (80, 82) is disposed through at least one insulating layer (22). An air vent (84) is disposed in at least one insulating layer (24) in contact with the first and second reference gas electrodes (54, 56). A heater (934) is disposed in thermal communication with the sensor. And at least five electrical leads are in electrical communication with said sensor. A method of using a gas sensor is also disclosed.
Abstract:
Driver distraction in a motor vehicle is assessed by capacitively detecting the driver's head pose relative to the forward direction of vehicle motion. A symmetrical array of sensor electrodes (A-H) is disposed in the cockpit ceiling (22) above the driver's head (24), and pairs of electrodes (A/E, B/F, C/G, D/H) disposed along varying axes of rotation (30-36) with respect to the forward direction are successively activated for capacitance measurement. The capacitance measurements are combined to form a signal whose strength depends on the degree of alignment between the driver's head (24) (i.e., the head pose) and the respective axes of rotation (30-36), and the driver's head pose is calculated to assess driver distraction.
Abstract:
Driver distraction in a motor vehicle is assessed by capacitively detecting the driver's head pose relative to the forward direction of vehicle motion. A symmetrical array of sensor electrodes (A-H) is disposed in the cockpit ceiling (22) above the driver's head (24), and pairs of electrodes (A/E, B/F, C/G, D/H) disposed along varying axes of rotation (30-36) with respect to the forward direction are successively activated for capacitance measurement. The capacitance measurements are combined to form a signal whose strength depends on the degree of alignment between the driver's head (24) (i.e., the head pose) and the respective axes of rotation (30-36), and the driver's head pose is calculated to assess driver distraction.
Abstract:
A transparent overlay input device (300/400) includes a transparent non-conductive substrate (306/406), a plurality of transparent conductive electrode pairs (308A, 308B/408A, 408B) and a transparent non-conductive cover (310/410A). The plurality of transparent conductive electrode pairs (308A, 308B/408A, 408B) are formed on the substrate (306/406) and each form a proximity sensitive region and include a first electrode that receives an input signal and a second electrode that provides an output signal. The first and second electrodes are capacitively coupled and the capacitance of the electrode pair changes when a conductive member, e.g., a user's finger, is located near the electrode pair (308A, 308B/408A, 408B). The transparent non-conductive cover (310/410A) is formed on the substrate (306/406) over the electrode pairs (308A, 308B/408A, 408B).