Abstract:
A test apparatus for testing an IR sensor of train undercarriage temperatures is disclosed. The IR sensor may be used to obtain infrared IR emission data by sensing a wheel or a wheel bearing of a rail vehicle. The test apparatus may comprise a heat emitter for supplying IR emissions at a reference temperature to the IR sensor. A support may support the heat emitter at a position spaced from the passage of the rail vehicle and in an orientation for directing the IR emissions at the IR sensor.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to methods and apparatus for measuring, calibrating, and controlling substrate temperature during low temperature and high temperature processing. In one embodiment, the method includes epitaxially forming a layer stack on a substrate placed on a support plate, measuring a temperature of the substrate with a first pyrometer disposed over the substrate, measuring a temperature of the support plate with a second pyrometer disposed below the support plate, calibrating the first pyrometer at multiple temperature points based on actual temperature readings of the substrate to generate a first set of calibrated temperature readings associated with the substrate, calibrating the second pyrometer using the set of calibrated temperature readings as a reference to generate a second set of calibrated temperature readings associated with the support plate, and controlling a power supplied to a heat source configured to heat the substrate based on the second set of calibrated temperature readings.
Abstract:
A method for measuring intensity distribution of light includes a step of providing a carbon nanotube array having a top surface. The carbon nanotube array is located in an inert gas environment or a vacuum environment. A light source irradiates the top surface of the carbon nanotube array, to make the carbon nanotube array radiate a radiation light. An imaging element images the radiation light, to obtain an intensity distribution of the light source.
Abstract:
A test apparatus for testing an IR sensor of train undercarriage temperatures is disclosed. The IR sensor may be used to obtain infrared IR emission data by sensing a wheel or a wheel bearing of a rail vehicle. The test apparatus may comprise a heat emitter for supplying IR emissions at a reference temperature to the IR sensor. A support may support the heat emitter at a position spaced from the passage of the rail vehicle and in an orientation for directing the IR emissions at the IR sensor.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to methods and apparatus for measuring, calibrating, and controlling substrate temperature during low temperature and high temperature processing. In one embodiment, the method includes epitaxially forming a layer stack on a substrate placed on a support plate, measuring a temperature of the substrate with a first pyrometer disposed over the substrate, measuring a temperature of the support plate with a second pyrometer disposed below the support plate, calibrating the first pyrometer at multiple temperature points based on actual temperature readings of the substrate to generate a first set of calibrated temperature readings associated with the substrate, calibrating the second pyrometer using the set of calibrated temperature readings as a reference to generate a second set of calibrated temperature readings associated with the support plate, and controlling a power supplied to a heat source configured to heat the substrate based on the second set of calibrated temperature readings.
Abstract:
Infrared IR thermometer calibration systems and methods are disclosed in which the temperature of an IR thermometer calibration system is controlled such that radiation emitted by a target at a given input temperature is equal to the radiation emitted by a graybody heated to the input temperature and having an emissivity equal to an emissivity setting of an IR thermometer to be calibrated using the IR thermometer calibration system.
Abstract:
A method for measuring the differential emissivity between two sites on the surface of a body and the temperature of the two sites. The method includes a plurality of measurements of the infrared radiation arising from each of the two sites under a number of different conditions. Some of the measurements include irradiation by external infrared radiation at a known wavelength and intensity. The infrared radiation arising from each of the sites may include emitted radiation, reflected ambient radiation, and reflected external radiation. Additionally, the temperature determined using the method described can be used to calibrate infrared imaging devices used to inspect the entire body.
Abstract:
A blackbody radiation device (110) includes a planar filament emission element (102) and a planar detector (104) for respectively producing and detecting radiation having width dl/1 less than about 0.1 to test a sample gas, where 1 is the wavelength of the radiation; a reflector (108); a window (W); an electrical control (118); and a data output element (116).