Abstract:
Solids in a slurry batch or batch mixtures of liquids of different densities the upper surfaces of which are presented in a liquid cell for X-ray analysis are prevented from separating by an impeller causing rotary movement of the slurry or liquid mixture within the cell; the liquid surface being maintained substantially planar by baffles which inhibit the creation of a vortical cavity.
Abstract:
Improved stability and control in ion bombardment is achieved in the case of many materials under bombardment by the use of negative ions. The method is especially advantageous for the analysis of insulating materials by secondary ion emission and also enables improved results in ion implantation processes.
Abstract:
An electric arc struck between a counterelectrode connected to the anode of a source of current, and a material to be sampled connected to the cathode, causes the ejection of very small droplets of the material. The droplets solidify and are carried away as an aerosol by the gas used to sustain the arc. The droplets are representative in their composition of the entire region of the material struck by the arc.
Abstract:
An electron microprobe including a magnetic objective lens for focusing an electron beam upon a specimen, and means for cooling the lens to a temperature below about - 20*. It is found that operating results are greatly improved by maintaining the lens cold and the specimen warm. Contamination of the specimen, particularly by carbonaceous materials, can be reduced by more than an order of magnitude without compromise with the operational features of the instrument.