Abstract:
Proposed is a process for preparing isocyanates by dissociating the corresponding carbamates, which is characterized in that the carbamates are dissociated in the presence of a heterogeneous Lewis-acidic catalyst.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing isocyanates by thermally splitting carbamates, a carbamate splitting gas comprising the corresponding isocyanate and the corresponding alcohol being obtained, the invention being characterized in that the carbamate splitting gas is quenched in the presence of an ether functioning as an inhibitor for the back reaction of the isocyanate and the alcohol.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a multi-stage method for the continuous production of organic, distillable polyisocyanates, preferably diisocyanates, especially preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, by reacting the corresponding organic polyamines with carbonic acid derivatives and alcohol in low-molecular monomer polyurethanes and to the thermal splitting of the latter. During said method, the polyisocyanates produced and unusable residues are separated at specific reaction stages and reusable secondary and intermediate products are recirculated to the initial stages.
Abstract:
The invention provides a multistage process for continuously preparing organic, distillable polyisocyanates, preferably diisocyanates, more preferably aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, by reacting the corresponding organic polyamines with carbonic acid derivatives and alcohols to low molecular mass monomeric polyurethanes, and thermally cleaving said polyurethanes, in which at defined reaction stages the polyisocyanates prepared and unusable residues are separated off, and reusable by products and intermediates are recycled to upstream stages.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a method for producing chlorine and a hydrochloric gas including the following steps: a) supplying via a stream containing hydrochloric gas (a1) and a stream containing oxygen (a2) an oxidation zone and a hydrochloric gas catalytic oxidation with chlorine, a stream of gaseous product (a3) containing chlorine, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases obtained; b) cooling the stream of gaseous products (a3) and separating the water from the hydrochloric gas in the form of hydrochloric acid, a gas stream (b) containing chlorine, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases still remaining; c) optionally drying the gas stream (b), and obtaining a gas stream (c) substantially water-free, containing chlorine, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases; d) liquefying at least partly the gas stream (c) and a return stream (f1) rich in chlorine, containing chlorine, oxygen, carbon dioxide through thickening and cooling, a partly liquefied stream (d) being preserved; e) gas-liquid separation of the stream (d) into a gas stream (e1) containing chlorine, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inert gases and into a liquid stream (e2) containing chlorine, oxygen, and carbon dioxide; f) introducing at least part of the gas stream (e1) into a unit with membrane and separating a return stream (f1) rich in chlorine and a gas flow (f2) poor in chlorine, containing chlorine, oxygen, carbon dioxide, via a separation by the membrane and reintroducing the return flux (f1) rich in chlorine in step d); g) separating the liquid stream (e2) by distillation into a stream of chlorine (g1) and a stream (g2) comprising substantially oxygen and carbon dioxide.