Abstract:
An electron gun according to this invention includes a cathode having a hemispherical electron-emitting surface, an anode which is arranged to face the cathode, and has a first aperture on the optical axis, and a bias electrode which is arranged between the anode and the cathode, receives a potential lower than one applied to the cathode, and has a second aperture larger than the electron-emitting surface of the cathode on the optical axis. The distal end of the electron-emitting surface of the cathode is arranged in contact with or outside a sphere whose diameter is equal to the diameter of the second aperture of the bias electrode.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thermoelectron generating source of indirect heating method, in which space charge limitation can be moderated when thermoelectrons are extracted, and the thermal electrons with low energy can be generated in a large amount. SOLUTION: The thermoelectron generating source 10 constituting this ion beam irradiation device is provided with the sheet type main negative electrode 24 to emit the thermoelectrons 28 by being heated from others, a filament 20 to heat the main negative electrode 24 from its rear and to make the thermoelectrons 28 be emitted, an extraction electrode 26 which is installed in the forward vicinity of the main negative electrode 24 and which extracts the thermoelectrons 28 emitted from the main negative electrode by an electric field, and two deflecting electrodes 30, 32 arranged at the right and left in the forward vicinity of the extraction electrode 26 so as to pinch the extraction electrode 26. Potential of the both deflecting electrodes 30, 32 ia kept in the relationship of VL>VR≥0, when making the potential of one of the deflecting electrode 30 as V L , and the potential of the other deflecting electrode 32 as V R . COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO
Abstract:
The present invention is a charged-particle gun (EG) in which a negative electrode (1) and a positive electrode (9) are integrated and assembled in advance, and which can be stored and transported in a state in which the negative electrode and the positive electrode are integrated, wherein the negative electrode and the positive electrode are connected by a conductor (11) during storage and transportation of the charged-particle gun. It is thereby possible to prevent an electrode tip of the charged-particle gun from being damaged by electrical discharge caused by static electricity during storage and transportation.
Abstract:
There is disclosed a method of controlling an electron gun without causing decreases in brightness of the electron beam if a current-limiting aperture cannot be used. The electron gun (10) has a cathode (11), a Wehnelt electrode (12), a control electrode (13), an anode (14), and a controller (22). The Wehnelt electrode (12) has a first opening (12c) in which the tip of the cathode is inserted, and focuses thermal electrons emitted from the tip of the cathode (11). The thermal electrons emitted from the tip of the cathode (11) are caused to pass into a second opening (13c) by the control electrode (13). The anode (14) accelerates the thermal electrons emitted from the cathode (11) such that the thermal electrons passed through the second opening (13c) pass through a third opening (14b) and impinge as an electron beam (B1) on a powdered sample (8). The controller (22) sets the bias voltage and the control voltage based on combination conditions of the bias voltage and control voltage to maintain the brightness of the beam constant.
Abstract:
Methods of marking paper products and marked paper products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the paper product to alter the functionalization of the paper.
Abstract:
Methods of marking paper products and marked paper products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the paper product to alter the functionalization of the paper.
Abstract:
The present invention is a charged-particle gun (EG) in which a negative electrode (1) and a positive electrode (9) are integrated and assembled in advance, and which can be stored and transported in a state in which the negative electrode and the positive electrode are integrated, wherein the negative electrode and the positive electrode are connected by a conductor (11) during storage and transportation of the charged-particle gun. It is thereby possible to prevent an electrode tip of the charged-particle gun from being damaged by electrical discharge caused by static electricity during storage and transportation.
Abstract:
An apparatus for spin polarizing a particle beam is adapted to process an input particle beam in such a way as to generate an at least partially spin polarized output particle beam. A vortex beam generator for imparting orbital angular momentum to the input particle beam. An electromagnetic field generator generates a transverse magnetic field, space-variant and symmetric with respect to the axis of the input particle beam, in such a way as to change the spin of the particles and attach thereto different values of orbital angular momentum in dependence on their input spin values. A beam component separating group spatially separates the particles in dependence on their orbital angular momentum values, in such a way as to obtain the at least partially spin polarized output particle beam.
Abstract:
A method for generating an ultrashort charged particle beam, comprising creating a high intensity longitudinal E-field by shaping and tightly focusing, in an on-axis geometry, a substantially radially polarized laser beam, and using the high intensity longitudinal E-field for interaction with a medium to accelerate charged particles.
Abstract:
Methods of marking paper products and marked paper products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the paper product to alter the functionalization of the paper.