Abstract:
A method and apparatus for determining a volatility of a fuel sample. A fuel sample is collected in a container (22) and heated for a time period using a heater device (24). Periodically during the heating, the capacitance of the fuel sample and the temperature of the heater device (24) are determined. After a time period passes, the volatility of the fuel sample is determined using the capacitance decrease and the temperature increase. Specifically, a voltage across the heater device (24) is used, along with the current through the heater device (24) to determine the resistance of the heater device (24), which gives the temperature of the heater device (24) and the sample. The capacitance and temperature are compared to values derived from experimentation for fuels of varying DI. The first measurement of capacitance with a known sample volume can be used to determine the MTBE or ethanol content in gasoline fuels.
Abstract:
A configurable gauge apparatus (10) includes a flat panel display (FPD) (12) for displaying a user-defined gauge face (18), a transparent panel (16) spaced from the FPD (12) through which the displayed gauge face (18) is viewed, and a mechanical pointer (14) disposed between the FPD (12) and the transparent panel (16) for indicating a current value of a parameter of interest. The pointer (14) includes a stem (20) and a hub (22) that rotatably supports the stem (20), and the hub (22) is mounted on the FPD (12) or the transparent panel (16). Pointer position is regulated either magnetically with a pointer magnet (24) and a magnetic field generator (26) disposed behind the FPD (12), or electrically with a motorized hub (22, 30) activated with transparent conductors (32) formed on the FPD (12) or transparent panel (16). The stem (20) of the pointer (14) is illuminated by either the FPD (12), or a hub-mounted LED (34) activated with transparent conductors (36). Transparent conductors (42, 44) are also used to form a sensor array (46, 48) for detecting pointer position.
Abstract:
A heads-up display system is configured for use in a motor vehicle. The system includes a standard vehicle window 22 (i.e. no special coatings), an optical image projector 14, and a vehicle dashboard 15 equipped with a faceted reflective surface 18. The optical image projector is configured to project an image onto the faceted reflective surface. The faceted reflective surface is configured to reflect the image from the optical image projector onto a window surface of the standard vehicle window. The window surface is oriented to reflect the image from the faceted reflective surface toward an occupant 26. The faceted reflective surface may be disposed within a plurality of troughs separated by a plurality of diffuse reflecting partitions. The plurality of troughs may be configured to shield the occupant from extraneous reflections. The faceted reflective surface may include a plurality of electrically controlled facets. The plurality of electrically controlled reflective facets may be an array of electrowetting cells.
Abstract:
A heads up display (HUD (12)) system that includes a light source (14) configured to project an image (20), and a diffractive combiner (16). The diffractive combiner (16) includes one or more reflective volume phase gratings (RVPG (26)), each configured to reflect light from the light source (14) having a distinct wavelength toward a HUD viewer (22). Each RVPG (26) is also embossed with a pattern configured to diffract light at the distinct wavelength so the HUD viewer (22) can see an image (20) in a field of view (24) that passes through the diffractive combiner (16). By forming a diffractive combiner (16) with an RVPG (26) embossed with a particular pattern, the occurrence of rainbow artifacts on the surface of the diffractive combiner (16) caused by random sources of light is reduced.
Abstract:
A configurable gauge apparatus (10) includes a flat panel display (FPD) (12) for displaying a user-defined gauge face (18), a transparent panel (16) spaced from the FPD (12) through which the displayed gauge face (18) is viewed, and a mechanical pointer (14) disposed between the FPD (12) and the transparent panel (16) for indicating a current value of a parameter of interest. The pointer (14) includes a stem (20) and a hub (22) that rotatably supports the stem (20), and the hub (22) is mounted on the FPD (12) or the transparent panel (16). Pointer position is regulated either magnetically with a pointer magnet (24) and a magnetic field generator (26) disposed behind the FPD (12), or electrically with a motorized hub (22, 30) activated with transparent conductors (32) formed on the FPD (12) or transparent panel (16). The stem (20) of the pointer (14) is illuminated by either the FPD (12), or a hub-mounted LED (34) activated with transparent conductors (36). Transparent conductors (42, 44) are also used to form a sensor array (46, 48) for detecting pointer position.
Abstract:
A sensor (10) and method for measuring the volatility of liquid gasoline by estimating its driveability index includes a sensing element (11) having an interdigitated array of electrically conducting capacitor plates (28, 42) arranged to retain a predetermined volume of gasoline, the volatility of which is to be measured. The sensing element (11) is mounted in a vehicle to be in contact with the flow of gasoline while the engine is running so that a volume certain of gasoline is drawn between and remains within the electrically conducting plates (28, 42) when the engine is turned off. The sensing element (11) is connected to circuitry (54, 65) used to measure the change in capacitance of the sensing element (11) as a function of time while simultaneously measuring the temperature change of the sensing element (11) as the volume of gasoline retained by the sensing element (11) is evaporated over time. The measurements obtained by the circuitry (54, 65) are used in estimating the drivability index of the gasoline.
Abstract:
A transparent overlay input device (300/400) includes a transparent non-conductive substrate (306/406), a plurality of transparent conductive electrode pairs (308A, 308B/408A, 408B) and a transparent non-conductive cover (310/410A). The plurality of transparent conductive electrode pairs (308A, 308B/408A, 408B) are formed on the substrate (306/406) and each form a proximity sensitive region and include a first electrode that receives an input signal and a second electrode that provides an output signal. The first and second electrodes are capacitively coupled and the capacitance of the electrode pair changes when a conductive member, e.g., a user's finger, is located near the electrode pair (308A, 308B/408A, 408B). The transparent non-conductive cover (310/410A) is formed on the substrate (306/406) over the electrode pairs (308A, 308B/408A, 408B).
Abstract:
A sensor (10) and method for measuring the volatility of liquid gasoline by estimating its driveability index includes a sensing element (11) having an interdigitated array of electrically conducting capacitor plates (28, 42) arranged to retain a predetermined volume of gasoline, the volatility of which is to be measured. The sensing element (11) is mounted in a vehicle to be in contact with the flow of gasoline while the engine is running so that a volume certain of gasoline is drawn between and remains within the electrically conducting plates (28, 42) when the engine is turned off. The sensing element (11) is connected to circuitry (54, 65) used to measure the change in capacitance of the sensing element (11) as a function of time while simultaneously measuring the temperature change of the sensing element (11) as the volume of gasoline retained by the sensing element (11) is evaporated over time. The measurements obtained by the circuitry (54, 65) are used in estimating the drivability index of the gasoline.