Abstract:
Described is a process for producing a biomolecular monolayer on a biosensor surface comprising the steps of: reacting a biosensor surface with a solution of heterobifunctional reagent having a first functional group and a second functional group, the first functional group being capable of forming a covalent bond to the biosensor surface groups, the second functional group forming a covalent bond with a homobifunctional polymer to obtain a self-assembled monolayer, and thereafter reacting the monolayer with capture molecules.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an integrated circuit stack (1) comprising a plurality of integrated circuit layers (2) and at least one cooling layer (3) arranged in a space between two circuit layers (2). The integrated circuit stack (1) is cooled using a cooling fluid (10) pumped through the cooling layer (3). The invention further relates to a method for optimizing a configuration of such an integrated circuit stack (1).
Abstract:
A refrigeration system comprises a compressor (COMP), a condenser (COND) and at least one multi-stage evaporator (MSE) with at least one first evaporator (FBE) as a first stage and at least one expansion device evaporator (EDE) as at least one further stage downstream the corresponding first stage. Each first evaporator (FBE) is arranged at a respective first compo¬ nent (Cl) for absorbing heat dissipated by the respective first component (Cl). Each expan¬ sion device evaporator (EDE) is arranged at a respective at least one further component (FC) for absorbing heat dissipated by the respective further component (FC). A flow of a working fluid (WF) of the refrigeration system is controlled such that the working fluid (WF) is in a liquid state when entering the first stage and is in a vapor state when leaving a last stage of the respective multi-stage evaporator (MSE).
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a data center having a plurality of liquid cooled computer systems. The computer systems each include a processor coupled with a cold plate that allows direct liquid cooling of the processor. The cold plate is further arranged to provide adapted flow of coolant to different portions of the processor whereby higher temperature regions receive a larger flow rate of coolant. The flow is variably adjusted to reflect different levels of activity. By maximizing the coolant temperature exiting the computer systems, the system may utilize the free cooling temperature of the ambient air and eliminate the need for a chiller. A data center is further provided that is coupled with a district heating system and heat is extracted from the computer systems is used to offset carbon emissions and reduce the total cost of ownership of the data center.
Abstract:
A method for transferring a pattern from an elastic stamp to a substrate in the presence of a third medium is described. A proximity contact is achieved between the stamp and the substrate. A layer of the third medium between the stamp and the substrate is controlled to a predetermined thickness. Stamps for carrying out this method are also described.
Abstract:
Es wird eine Kühleinheit (25) für Chip-Module bereitgestellt. Das Chip-Modul weist zwei Fluid-Kreisläufe auf, die einem Einlass-Fluid-Kreislauf (i) beziehungsweise einem Auslass-Fluid-Kreislauf (o) entsprechen, wobei jeder der zwei Fluid-Kreisläufe eine Anordnung von Öffnungen (Oi, Oo) und Kanalanteilen (CPi, CPo) aufweist, die eine Baum-Struktur bilden, wobei Zweige der Baum-Struktur die Öffnungen repräsentieren und Knoten der Baum-Struktur die Kanalanteile repräsentieren, wobei ein Zweig einen Knoten lediglich mit einem Kind-Knoten verknüpft, wodurch mehrere Knoten, die einen gleichen Eltern-Knoten aufweisen, Geschwister-Knoten sind. Jeder der zwei Fluid-Kreisläufe erstreckt sich des Weiteren durch L Ebenen (L1 bis L3) der Baum-Struktur, wobei L ≥ 3, und befindet sich über Kanalanteilen, die Blatt-Knoten der Baum-Struktur entsprechen, in Fluid-Verbindung mit dem anderen der zwei Fluid-Kreisläufe. Für jeden der Fluid-Kreisläufe sind Kanalanteile, die Geschwister-Knoten entsprechen: parallel; parallel zu Kanalanteilen, die einem Großeltern-Knoten der Geschwisterknoten entsprechen, wenn vorhanden; und nicht parallel zu einem Kanalanteil, der einem Eltern-Knoten der Geschwister-Knoten entspricht. Schließlich sind Kanalanteile von einem der Fluid-Kreisläufe parallel zu und verflochten mit Kanalanteilen des anderen der Fluid-Kreisläufe.
Abstract:
Es werden integrierte Adsorptions- und Wärmeaustauschereinheiten für Festkörpersorptionskühlsysteme (1) zusammen mit Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Einheiten bereitgestellt. Eine integrierte Adsorptions- und Wärmeaustauschereinheit (20, 30, 45, 52) weist ein festes Material auf, das darin ausgebildet sowohl eine poröse Adsorptionsstruktur (21, 31, 44, 53), die durchlässig für ein Adsorbat des Systems (1) ist, als auch eine Wärmeaustauscherstruktur (22, 32), die undurchlässig für das Adsorbat ist, für einen Wärmeaustausch mit der porösen Adsorptionsstruktur während des Betriebs des Systems (1) aufweist.
Abstract:
A mechanism is provided for optimizing semiconductor packing in a three-dimensional (3D) very-large-scale integration (VLSI) device. The 3D VLSI device comprises a processor layer coupled, via a first set of coupling devices, to at least one signaling and input/output (I/O) layer. The 3D VLSI device further comprises a power delivery layer coupled, via a second set of coupling devices, to the processor layer. In the 3D VLSI device the power delivery layer is dedicated to only delivering power and does not provide data communication signals to the elements of the three-dimensional VLSI device, and the at least one signaling and input/output (I/O) layer is dedicated to only transmitting the data communication signals to and receiving the data communications signals from the processor layer and does not provide power to the elements of the processor layer.
Abstract:
A stamp for transferring a pattern to a substrate in the presence of a third medium, includes a permeable hydrophilic matrix for guiding excess third medium away from the surface of the stamp.