Abstract:
The invention provides an ion source comprising first and second cathode pole pieces spaced apart from one another to form a cavity therebetween, an edge of the first cathode pole piece being spaced apart from an edge of the second cathode pole piece to define an elongate cathode gap between the respective edges of the pole pieces, the elongate cathode gap having a longitudinal axis; at least one magnet arranged for magnetising the first and second cathode pole pieces with opposite magnetic polarities; an elongate anode located in the cavity, the anode being spaced apart from the first and second cathode pole pieces and having a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis of the elongate anode and the longitudinal axis of the elongate cathode gap substantially coplanar; a first electrical connection which extends from outside the cavity to the anode; and a gas feed conduit which extends from outside the cavity to inside the cavity for introducing a gas into the cavity.
Abstract:
Described is a micro-fabricated charged particle emission device including a substrate and a plurality of charged particle emission sites formed in the substrate. A path extends between each emission site and a source of liquid metal. Each path is coated with a wetting layer of non-oxidizing metal for wetting the liquid metal. Exemplary non-oxidizing metals that may be used to provide the wetting layer include gold and platinum. The wetting layer is sufficiently thin such that some liquid metal is able to flow to each emission site despite any chemical interaction between the liquid metal and the non-oxidizing metal of the wetting layer.
Abstract:
In certain example embodiments of this invention, there is provide an ion source including an anode and a cathode. In certain example embodiments, the cathode does not overhang over the anode, or vice versa. Since no, or fewer, areas of overhang are provided between the anode and cathode, there is less undesirable build-up on the anode and/or cathode during operation of the ion source so that the source can run more efficiently. Moreover, in certain example embodiments, an insulator such as a ceramic or the like is provided between the anode and cathode.
Abstract:
Methods of marking paper products and marked paper products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the paper product to alter the functionalization of the paper.
Abstract:
The invention provides an ion source comprising first and second cathode pole pieces spaced apart from one another to form a cavity therebetween, an edge of the first cathode pole piece being spaced apart from an edge of the second cathode pole piece to define an elongate cathode gap between the respective edges of the pole pieces, the elongate cathode gap having a longitudinal axis; at least one magnet arranged for magnetising the first and second cathode pole pieces with opposite magnetic polarities; an elongate anode located in the cavity, the anode being spaced apart from the first and second cathode pole pieces and having a longitudinal axis, the longitudinal axis of the elongate anode and the longitudinal axis of the elongate cathode gap substantially coplanar; a first electrical connection which extends from outside the cavity to the anode; and a gas feed conduit which extends from outside the cavity to inside the cavity for introducing a gas into the cavity.
Abstract:
In certain example embodiments of this invention, there is provide an ion source including an anode (25) and a cathode (5). In certain example embodiments, the cathode does not overhang over the anode, or vice versa. Since no, or fewer, areas of overhang are provided between the anode and cathode, there is less undesirable build-up on the anode and/or cathode during operation of the ion source so that the source can run more efficiently. Moreover, in certain example embodiments, an insulator (35) such as a ceramic or the like is provided between the anode and cathode.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Teilchenquele, insbesondere eine Ionenquelle (99) für die Erzeugung angeregter Teilchen in gasförmigen Medien. Eine dielektrische, z.B. Kaptonfolie (11) ist beidseitig elektrisch leitfähig beschichtet (12, 13) und es wird zwischen den beiden Beschichtungen eine Spannung, vorzugsweise gepulst, angelegt. Durch die Spannung wird im Gasdurchfluss eine Gasentladung (14) gezündet. Durch eine Druckdifferenz zwischen den beiden Seiten (21, 22) der Folie expandiert das Gas von der Hochdruckseite auf die Niederdruckseite, vorzugsweise in einer Ultraschallexpansion (15), wodurch ein gerichteter kalter Strahl (32) aus angeregten Teilchen oder Ionen erzeugt wird.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Teilchenquele, insbesondere eine Ionenquelle (99) für die Erzeugung angeregter Teilchen in gasförmigen Medien. Eine dielektrische, z.B. Kaptonfolie (11) ist beidseitig elektrisch leitfähig beschichtet (12, 13) und es wird zwischen den beiden Beschichtungen eine Spannung, vorzugsweise gepulst, angelegt. Durch die Spannung wird im Gasdurchfluss eine Gasentladung (14) gezündet. Durch eine Druckdifferenz zwischen den beiden Seiten (21, 22) der Folie expandiert das Gas von der Hochdruckseite auf die Niederdruckseite, vorzugsweise in einer Ultraschallexpansion (15), wodurch ein gerichteter kalter Strahl (32) aus angeregten Teilchen oder Ionen erzeugt wird.