Abstract:
L'invention concerne un dispositif d'actionnement par came (2) d'au moins une soupape (3) montée pour coulisser dans un support (1), le dispositif comportant un poussoir (8) destiné à être monté sur une extrémité libre d'une queue de la soupape (3a) et mobile par rapport au support (1); et des moyens de rappel élastiques (9) du poussoir destinés à mettre le poussoir (8) en appui contre la came (2); caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte des moyens électromagnétiques de verrouillage comprenant un actionneur électromagnétique (22) ayant un bobinage (24), de préférence extérieur au poussoir (8), et au moins une goupille (12) soumise au champ magnétique de l'actionneur (22) de sorte que l'alimentation du bobinage (24) entraîne un déplacement sélectif de la goupille (12) entre une position verrouillée dans laquelle le poussoir (8) est lié en translation à la soupape (3) et une position déverrouillée dans laquelle le poussoir (8) coulisse librement sur la queue de soupape (3a).
Abstract:
The invention concerns a method of generating a physical power output using a reciprocating internal combustion engine. In at least one piston-cylinder unit, a piston reciprocates in a cylinder and the reciprocal motion is transmitted via a connecting rod to a crankshaft; fresh gas flows in through an inlet channel and through a valve aperture which can be closed off by at least one inlet valve into the cylinder chamber formed in the cylinder; fuel is introduced into the fresh gas and the mixture of fresh gas and fuel is compressed as it moves in a first direction and ignited; the ignited mixture then burns and drives the piston in a second, diametrically opposing direction; the exhaust gas produced by combustion flows through at least one outlet valve and one outlet channel out of the cylinder chamber, the opening and closing of the inlet and outlet valves being effected by at least one control shaft which is driven by the crankshaft with a transmission ratio of 1:1. Each reciprocating displacement of the piston causes the gas in the cylinder chamber to be changed and the mixture to ignite.
Abstract:
There are output pistons 18 for opening intake valves 11, an intake cam 19 coaxial with a crankshaft 7 to actuate an input piston 22, a hydraulic control valve 20, output passageways 25A, 25B connecting the output pistons 18 to the hydraulic control valve, and an input passageway 24 connecting an input hydraulic chamber 21 to the hydraulic control valve. The hydraulic control valve has one state, which enables pressure-transmission communication between the input passageway and the output passageway 25A at least during a period for one cycle of reciprocating motion of the input piston 22, and another state, which enables pressure-transmission communication between the input passageway and the output passageway 25B at least during the period for one cycle of reciprocating motion of the input piston 22. The hydraulic control valve assumes the states alternately in every rotation of the intake cam 19.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to marine craft which are capable of operating in the hydrofoil mode, many with extensible and retractable hydrofoil posts. Specific embodiments of large commercial hydrofoil craft are described, including those with structure which is the water during hydrofoil travel mode and which can be retracted to partly fit within recesses in the hull during other operating modes. Other craft, including those with hybrid electric drive, are disclosed having un-cooled reciprocating internal combustion engines. A number of arrangements for pistons and cylinders of unconventional configuration are described. These included are toroidal combustion or working chambers, some with fluid flow through the core of the toroid, pistons reciprocating between pairs of working chambers, tensile links between piston and crankshaft, energy absorbing piston-crank links, crankshafts supported on gas bearings. In some embodiments pistons mare rotate while reciprocating. High temperature exhaust emissions systems are described, including those containing filamentary material, as are procedures for reducing emissions during cold start by means of valves at reaction volume exit. Compound engines having the new engines as a reciprocating stage are described.