Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electron beam irradiator that makes it possible to prevent the problem of the convergence of an electron beam at the maximum point in scanning and stably obtain an irradiated surface with uniform energy density for the entire surface. SOLUTION: In an electron beam irradiator 11 equipped with an electron beam source 12, an acceleration tube 13 for accelerating electrons emitted from the electron beam source 12, a focusing electromagnet 16 that controls the beam diameter by applying a magnetic field to a high-energy electron beam generated in the acceleration tube 13 and an electromagnet 17 that deflects and scans the electron beam by applying a magnetic field to the electron beam whose diameter is controlled, the electric current IF of the focusing electromagnet 16 is controlled so as to that the beam diameter can culminate at the maximum point in scanning by superposing current components synchronized with the current IS of the scanning electromagnetic 17 on the current IF of the focusing electromagnet 16.
Abstract:
For enhanced efficiency in setting up routes, and for enhanced throughput in an ATM network, invocation of objects can be parallelized. Also, throughput of a connection manager can be increased, and the latency of call set-up decreased by caching of network states such as recently used routes, output or input VCI/VPIs, bandwidth and buffer resources and existing connection states. And systems throughput can be increased by aggregating multiple request messages into a single invocation instead of making multiple invocations.
Abstract:
An ion gate apparatus for controlling the transmission of ion pulses between an origin and a destination in a mass spectrometer is disclosed, comprising: a first split gate having a length L1, comprising a first electrode portion; and a second electrode portion electrically insulated from the first electrode portion and separated from the first electrode portion so as to form a first aperture there between; a second split gate disposed adjacent to the first split gate at a distance d from the first split gate and having a length L2, comprising a third electrode portion; and a fourth electrode portion electrically insulated from the third electrode portion and separated from the third electrode portion so as to form a second aperture there between; a first voltage source electrically connected to said first electrode portion and to said second electrode portion; a second voltage source electrically connected to said third electrode portion and to said fourth electrode portion; and a controller electrically connected to said first voltage source and to said second voltage source.