Abstract:
The production of organic polymer moulded bodies with ion exchanger or ion adsorber properties is carried out by means of a powder-based rapid prototyping method, according to which a powdery organic polymer starting material or starting material mixture is applied to a base in a thin layer and mixed with a binding agent and optionally required auxiliary agents in selected areas of said layer, or irradiated or treated in another way, such that the powder is bound to these areas, both inside the layer and also to adjacent layers, and said process is repeated until the desired form of the moulded body is completely reproduced in the formed powder bed. The powder which is not bound by the binding agent is then removed such that the bound powder remains in the desired form, the starting material already comprising the ion exchanger or ion adsorber properties or, following the moulding, a corresponding functionalisation of the moulded body is carried out.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing crude oil by means of Winsor type III microemulsion flooding wherein an aqueous surfactant formulation which comprises at least one ionic surfactant of general formula R1-O-(CH2C(CH3)HO)m(CH2CH2O)n-XY- M+is forced through injection wells into a mineral oil deposit and crude oil is removed from the deposit through production wells. The invention also relates to ionic surfactants according to the general formula.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及一种用于矿物油生产,III由南联型微乳剂,其中的含水的表面活性剂制剂中,所述通式R1-O-(CH 2 C(CH 3)HO)的至少一种离子表面活性剂包括米(CH2CH2O)的方法正XY M + 通过注射孔einpresst在Eröllagerstätte并移除通过生产井的原油沉积物。 本发明还涉及通式离子表面活性剂。
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for producing a layer containing at least one semiconductive metal oxide on a substrate, comprising at least the steps of: (A) producing a solution containing at least one precursor compound of the at least one metal oxide selected from the group of carboxylates from monocarboxylic, dicarbonic, or polycarboxylic acids with at least three carbon atoms or derivatives of monocarboxylic, dicarbonic, or polycarboxylic acids, alcoholates, hydroxides, semicarbazides, carbamates, hydroxamates, isocyanates, amidins, amidrazones, carbamide derivatives, hydroxylamines, oximes, urethanes, ammonia, amines, phosphines, ammonium compounds, azides of the corresponding metal and compounds thereof, in at least one solvent; (B) application of the solvent of step (A) on the substrate; and (C) thermal treatment of the substrate of step (B) at a temperature of 20 to 200 degrees Celsius, in order to transfer the at least one precursor compound in at least one semiconductive metal oxide. In the event that in step (A), electrically neutral [(OH)x(NH3)yZn]z with x, y, and z independently from one another 0.01 to 10, is used as precursor compound, said precursor compound is obtained by conversion of zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide with ammonia; a substrate, which is coated with at least one semiconductive metal oxide, obtainable by said method; the application of said substrate in electronic components; and a method for producing electronically neutral [(OH)x(NH3)yZn]z with x, y, and z independently from one another 0.01 to 10, by conversion of zinc oxide and/or zinc hydroxide with ammonia.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing cyclohexane by isomerizing a hydrocarbon mixture (KG1) containing methylcyclopentane (MCP) in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is preferably an acidic ionic liquid. A flow (S1) originating from a steam cracking process is used as a starting material. The hydrocarbon mixture (KG1) is obtained from said stream (S1) in a device for removing aromatics. The hydrocarbon mixture has a reduced aromatic content in comparison with the flow (S1). (KG1) can also be (nearly) free of aromatics. In dependence on the type and amount of the aromatics remaining in the hydrocarbon mixture (KG1), in particular if benzene is present, a hydrogenation of (KG1) additionally can be performed before the isomerization. Furthermore, additional purification steps can optionally be performed before or after the isomerization or hydrogenation in dependence on the presence of other components of (KG1). Preferably high-purity cyclohexane (in accordance with specifications) is isolated from the hydrocarbon mixture (KG2) arising during the isomerization, wherein the specifications are given, for example, by the use of the cyclohexane for the production of caprolactam known to the person skilled in the art.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing a solution of electrically uncharged [(OH) x (NH 3 ) y Zn] z where x, y and zare each independently 0.01 to10, comprising at least the steps of (A) contacting ZnO and/or Zn(OH) 2 with ammonia in at least one solvent in order to obtain a solution of electrically uncharged [(OH) x (NH 3 ) y Zn] z wherex, y and zare each independently 0.01 to 10 with a concentration c1,(B) removing some solvent from the solution from step (A) in order to obtain a suspension comprising Zn(OH) 2,(C) removing solid Zn(OH) 2 from the suspension from step (B), and (D) contacting the Zn(OH) 2 from step (C)with ammonia in at least one solvent in order to obtain a solution ofelectrically uncharged[(OH) x (NH 3 ) y Zn] z wherex, y and z are each independently 0.01 to 10 with the concentration c2, and to highly concentrated solutions of electrically uncharged [(OH) x (NH 3 ) y Zn] z wherex, y and zare each independently 0.01 to 10, to a process for producing a layer comprising at least zinc oxide on a substrate, comprising at least the steps of (E) preparing a solution of electrically uncharged [(OH) x (NH 3 ) y Zn] z wherex, y and zare each independently 0.0 to 10bythe former process according to the invention, (F) applying the solution from step (E) to the substrateand(G) thermally treating the substrate from step (F) at a temperature of 20 to450°C in order to convertelectrically uncharged[(OH) x (NH 3 ) y Zn] z wherex, y and zare each independently 0.01 to 10 to zinc oxide.20
Abstract:
Un proceso para la extracción de aceite mineral por medio de la inundación con la microemulsión de Winsor Tipo III, en la que una formulación acuosa de tensioactivo que comprende al menos un tensioactivo iónico de la fórmula general R1-O-(D)n-(B)m-(A)I-XY-M+ se inyecta a través de los pozos de inyección en un depósito de aceite mineral, y se extrae petróleo crudo del depósito a través de los pozos de producción. Además tensioactivos iónicos de la fórmula general.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing crude oil by means of Winsor type III microemulsion flooding wherein an aqueous surfactant formulation which comprises at least one ionic surfactant of general formula R-O-(CHC(CH)HO)(CHCHO)-XY Mis forced through injection wells into a mineral oil deposit and crude oil is removed from the deposit through production wells. The invention also relates to ionic surfactants according to the general formula.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing crude oil by means of Winsor type III microemulsion flooding wherein an aqueous surfactant formulation which comprises at least one ionic surfactant of general formula R1-O-(CH2C(CH3)HO)m(CH2CH2O)n-XY- M+is forced through injection wells into a mineral oil deposit and crude oil is removed from the deposit through production wells. The invention also relates to ionic surfactants according to the general formula.
Abstract:
processo para a produção de óleo mineral, formulação de tensoativo aquoso para a produção de óleo mineral, e, tensoativo a invenção se refere a um método para produzir óleo mineral por intemédio de inundação de winsor tipo iii, em que uma formulação de tensoativo aquoso compreende pelo menos um tensoativo iônico da fórmula geral r^ 1^-o-(ch~ 2~c(ch~ 3~)ho)~ m~(ch~ 2~ch~ 2~ch~ 2~o)~ n~-xy^ -^m^ +^ ~ é forçado é removido do depósito através de poços de produção. a invenção também se refere aos tensoativos iônicos da fórmula geral.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la producción de poliesteralcoholes mediante reacción catalítica de al menos un ácido carboxílico al menos polifuncional con al menos un alcohol polifuncional y/o mediante polimerización catalítica con apertura de anillo de ésteres cíclicos en presencia de catalizadores, caracterizado porque como catalizador se utiliza una zeolita, siendo la zeolita una zeolita de titanio.