Abstract:
The invention relates to a method, preferably an isomerization method, for chemically converting at least one hydrocarbon in the presence of an ionic liquid. The chemical conversion is carried out in a device (V1), and at least one metal halide, preferably aluminum halide, is added into the device (V1) periodically or continuously. The anion of the ionic liquid which is used comprises at least one metal component and at least one halogen component. The anion of the ionic liquid matches the metal halide added into the device (V1) with regard to the respective halogen component and the metal component. Among others, the ionic liquid used in the respective chemical conversion, in particular in an isomerization method, can be regenerated using the method according to the invention.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing cyclohexane by isomerizing a hydrocarbon mixture (KG1) containing methylcyclopentane (MCP) in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is preferably an acidic ionic liquid. A flow (S1) originating from a steam cracking process is used as a starting material. The hydrocarbon mixture (KG1) is obtained from said stream (S1) in a device for removing aromatics. The hydrocarbon mixture has a reduced aromatic content in comparison with the flow (S1). (KG1) can also be (nearly) free of aromatics. In dependence on the type and amount of the aromatics remaining in the hydrocarbon mixture (KG1), in particular if benzene is present, a hydrogenation of (KG1) additionally can be performed before the isomerization. Furthermore, additional purification steps can optionally be performed before or after the isomerization or hydrogenation in dependence on the presence of other components of (KG1). Preferably high-purity cyclohexane (in accordance with specifications) is isolated from the hydrocarbon mixture (KG2) arising during the isomerization, wherein the specifications are given, for example, by the use of the cyclohexane for the production of caprolactam known to the person skilled in the art.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an integrated method for producing pulp and at least one organic liquid or liquefiable valuable material, in which a) a lignocellulosic starting material is prepared and subjected to disruption with an aqueous-alkaline treatment medium, b) from the disrupted material a cellulose-enriched fraction and a cellulose-depleted black liquor are isolated, c) the black liquor is subjected to a treatment with at least one organic liquid or liquefiable valuable material and at least one exhaust gas stream being obtained, d) at least one of the exhaust gas streams of step c) is recirculated to the method for producing pulp and utilized.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for hydrocarbon conversion in the presence of an acidic ionic liquid. The hydrocarbon conversion is preferably an isomerization, in particular an isomerization of methylcyclopentane (MCP) to form cyclohexane. Before the hydrocarbon conversion, a hydrogenation is performed. Preferably, benzene is hydrogenated to form cyclohexane. The cyclohexane arising in the hydrogenation and/or isomerization is preferably isolated from the method. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, low boilers, in particular C5-C6 alkanes such as cyclopentane or isohexanes, are removed by distillation from the hydrocarbon mixture used for the hydrocarbon conversion after the hydrogenation and before the hydrocarbon conversion.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la separación de una fase (A), que contiene al menos un líquido iónico, de una fase (B), en cuyo caso la fase (A) presenta una viscosidad más alta que la fase (B), el cual comprende las siguientes etapas: a) proporcionar una corriente (S1) que contiene una dispersión (D1), en la cual la fase (A) es dispersada en la fase (B), b) introducir la corriente (S1) a un dispositivo coalescente (DC), donde la velocidad de flujo de ingreso de la corriente (S1) es de 0,05 a 150 kg/(cm2 * h) respecto del área media de la sección de corte transversal del dispositivo coalescente (DC), y la densidad de empaquetamiento del dispositivo coalescente (DC) es de 50 a 500 kg/m3; el dispositivo coalescente (DC) es un filtro coalescente y el material de filtro del filtro coalescente contiene al menos 10 % en peso de resina acrílica-fenólica; c) separar la fase dispersada (A) de la fase (B) en el dispositivo coalescente (DC), d) descargar una corriente (S2) que comprende al menos 70 % en peso, preferiblemente al menos 90 % en peso de la fase (A) del dispositivo coalescente (DC) y e) descargar una corriente (S3) que comprende al menos 70 % en peso, preferiblemente al menos 90 % en peso de la fase (B) del dispositivo coalescente (DC).
Abstract:
THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO A PROCESS FOR PREPARING HYDROFORMYLATION PRODUCTS OF OLEFINS HAVING AT LEAST FOUR CARBON ATOMS, IN WHICH A HIGH PROPORTION OF BOTH THE LINEAR Ci-OLEFINS HAVING A TERMINAL DOUBLE BOND COMPRISED IN THE OLEFIN-COMPRISING FEED (1;2) USED AND OF THE LINEAR Ci-OLEFINS HAVING AN INTERNAL DOUBLE BOND IS CONVERTED INTO HYDROFORMYLATION PRODUCTS. FURTHERMORE, THE INVENTION RELATES TO A PROCESS FOR PREPARING 2-PROPYLHEPTANOL WHICH COMPRISES SUCH A HYDROFORMYLATION PROCESS. (FIG. 1)
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for separating at least one propylene glycol from a mixture (M) comprising water and said propylene glycol, said process comprising (I) evaporating the mixture in at least two evaporation and/or distillation stages at decreasing operating pressures of the evaporators and/or distillation columns obtaining mixture (M′) and mixture (M″); (II) separating the mixture (M′) obtained in (I) in at least one further distillation step, obtaining a mixture (M-I) comprising at least 70 wt.-% of water and a mixture (M-II) comprising less than 30 wt.-% of water.
Abstract:
Procedimiento para la separacion de una fase (A) de una fase (B), en el que la fase (A) exhibe una viscosidad mas alta que la fase (B), que comprende las siguientes etapas: a) suministro de una corriente (S1) que contiene una dispersion (D1), en la que la fase (B) esta dispersa en la fase (A), y la fase (B) esta presente en maximo 25 % en peso en la dispersion, b) introduccion de una corriente (S2), que contiene hasta por lo menos 70 % en peso, preferiblemente por lo menos 90 % en peso, de fase (B), en la corriente (S1), en la que la corriente (S2) retorna de la etapa f), c) con formacion de una corriente (S3), que contiene una dispersion (D2), en la cual la fase (A) esta dispersa en la fase (B), en la que la relacion de fases de la fase (A) a la fase (B) en la dispersion (D2) es
Abstract:
Un proceso para separar al menos un propilen glicol de una mezcla (M) que comprende agua y dicho propilen glicol, comprendiendo dicho proceso (I) evaporar la mezcla en al menos dos etapas de evaporación y/o destilación a presiones de operación decrecientes de los evaporadores y/o columnas de destilación obteniéndose la mezcla (M'') y la mezcla (M''''); Donde la mezcla (M'''') es separada adicionalmente en la mezcla (M-Ia) que comprende al menos 90% en peso de agua y la mezcla (M-Ib) que comprende menos de 95% en peso de agua por medio de ósmosis reversa. (II) separar la mezcla (M'') obtenida en (I) en al menos una etapa adicional de destilación, obteniendo una mezcla (M-I) que comprende al menos 70% en peso de agua y una mezcla (M-II) que comprende menos de 30% en peso de agua.