公开(公告)号：US20170307441A1

公开(公告)日：2017-10-26

申请号：US15492434

申请日：2017-04-20

Applicant: INDUSTRY-ACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION, YONSEI UNIVERSITY

Inventor： Seong-Ook JUNG ,  Jung Hyun PARK ,  Ki Ryong KIM

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  H01L31/107 ,  H01L27/146

CPC classification number: H01L31/107 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4466 ,  H01L27/14643 ,  H01L31/02027

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for counting single photons including an edge combiner configured to detect an edge of each of applied clocks using a plurality of Phase-Locked Loops (PLL) to generate a combined signal; a sampling unit configured to sample all events occurring in each SPAD of a single photon detection diode (SPAD) array using an OR tree and an XOR tree; and a calculation unit configured to count the sampled events based on the combined signal to count single photons.

公开(公告)号：US09767258B2

公开(公告)日：2017-09-19

申请号：US13825341

申请日：2011-09-27

Applicant: Garth J. Simpson ,  David Joseph Kissick ,  Ryan Muir

Inventor： Garth J. Simpson ,  David Joseph Kissick ,  Ryan Muir

IPC: G06F19/00 ,  G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01T1/17 ,  G01J1/44

CPC classification number: G06F19/707 ,  G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01T1/17

Abstract: A method and apparatus for photon, ion or particle counting described that provides seven orders of magnitude of linear dynamic range (LDR) for a single detector. By explicitly considering the log-normal probability distribution in voltage transients as a function of the number of photons, ions or particles present, the binomial distribution of observed counts for a given threshold, the mean number of photons, ions or particles can be determined well beyond the conventional limit.

公开(公告)号：US20170186933A1

公开(公告)日：2017-06-29

申请号：US14983139

申请日：2015-12-29

Applicant: Kristen Ann Sunter ,  Faraz Najafi ,  Adam Nykoruk McCaughan ,  Karl Kimon Berggren

Inventor： Kristen Ann Sunter ,  Faraz Najafi ,  Adam Nykoruk McCaughan ,  Karl Kimon Berggren

IPC: H01L39/02 ,  G01J1/44 ,  H01L31/107

CPC classification number: H01L39/02 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4466 ,  H01L31/107 ,  H01L39/10

Abstract: Superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors (SNAPs) have using meandering nanowires to detect incident photons. When a superconducting nanowire absorbs a photon, it switches from a superconducting state to a resistive state, producing a change in voltage that can be measured across the nanowire. A SNAP may include multiple nanowires in order to increase the fill factor of the SNAP's active area and the SNAP's detection efficiency. But using multiple meandering nanowires to achieve high fill-factor in SNAPs can lead to current crowding at bends in the nanowires. This current crowding degrades SNAP performance by decreasing the switching current, which the current at which the nanowire transitions from a superconducting state to a resistive state. Fortunately, staggering the bends in the nanowires reduces current crowding, increasing the nanowire switching current, which in turn increases the SNAP dynamic range.

公开(公告)号：US20170160129A1

公开(公告)日：2017-06-08

申请号：US15373242

申请日：2016-12-08

Applicant: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INCORPORATED

Inventor： RAKUL VISWANATH ,  NAGESH SURENDRANATH ,  SANDEEP KESRIMAL OSWAL

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  G01J1/46

CPC classification number: G01J1/44 ,  G01J1/46 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/444

Abstract: A circuit includes a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) that includes an input to receive current from a photon sensor and generates an output signal that represents photons received by the sensor and dark current of the sensor. A control circuit generates a compensation signal to offset the dark current from the photon sensor at the input of the CSA. The control circuit couples feedback from the CSA to enable the compensation signal if the photon current received from the sensor is below a predetermined threshold. The control circuit decouples the feedback from the CSA to disable the compensation signal if the photon current received from the sensor is above the predetermined threshold.

公开(公告)号：US09500519B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-22

申请号：US14095516

申请日：2013-12-03

Applicant: YALE UNIVERSITY

Inventor： Hongxing Tang ,  Wolfram Pernice ,  Carsten Schuck

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G02B6/02 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G01J1/44

CPC classification number: G01J1/0425 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G02B6/0229 ,  G02B6/12004 ,  Y10S977/954

Abstract: The present invention provides a device and system for high-efficiency and low-noise detection of single photons within the visible and infrared spectrum. In certain embodiments, the device of the invention can be integrated within photonic circuits to provide on-chip photon detection. The device comprises a traveling wave design comprising a waveguide layer and a superconducting nanowire atop of the waveguide.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种用于在可见光和红外光谱范围内对单个光子进行高效低噪声检测的装置和系统。 在某些实施例中，本发明的装置可以集成在光子电路中以提供片上光子检测。 该器件包括行波设计，其包括波导顶部的波导层和超导纳米线。

公开(公告)号：US20160260596A1

公开(公告)日：2016-09-08

申请号：US14640257

申请日：2015-03-06

Applicant: Robert Francis McDermott III ,  Joseph Robert Suttle

Inventor： Robert Francis McDermott III ,  Joseph Robert Suttle

IPC: H01J49/02 ,  H01J49/00 ,  H01J49/40

CPC classification number: H01J49/025 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2005/208 ,  H01J49/0031 ,  H01J49/0036 ,  H01J49/022 ,  H01J49/40

Abstract: A system and method for characterizing incident ions are provided. The method includes positioning a transmission line detector to receive incident ions, the transmission line detector comprising a superconducting meandering wire defining a detection area for incident ions, and applying a bias current to the transmission line detector. The method also includes detecting a first signal produced in the transmission line detector due to an ion impacting the detection area, and detecting a second signal produced in the transmission line detector due to the ion impacting the detection area. The method further includes analyzing the first signal and the second signal to characterize the ion. In some aspects, the method further includes identifying a delay between the first signal and the second signal to determine, using the identified delay, a location of the ion on the detection area.

Abstract translation: 提供了表征入射离子的系统和方法。 该方法包括定位传输线检测器以接收入射离子，传输线检测器包括限定入射离子的检测区域的超导蜿蜒线，以及向传输线检测器施加偏置电流。 该方法还包括检测由于离子影响检测区域而在传输线检测器中产生的第一信号，以及检测由于离子影响检测区域而在传输线检测器中产生的第二信号。 该方法还包括分析第一信号和第二信号以表征离子。 在一些方面，所述方法还包括识别所述第一信号和所述第二信号之间的延迟，以使用所识别的延迟来确定所述检测区域上的所述离子的位置。

公开(公告)号：US20150369657A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14766667

申请日：2014-02-24

Applicant: NEC CORPORATION

Inventor： Ken-ichiro YOSHINO

IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/42

CPC classification number: G01J1/0418 ,  G01J1/16 ,  G01J1/26 ,  G01J1/4228 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/444

Abstract: (Object) To provide an optical receiver and a control method thereof that enable equalization of both the quantum efficiencies and the dark count probabilities of multiple photon detectors.(Solving Means) An optical receiver includes multiple photon detectors, a first equalizing means that equalizes either dark count probabilities or quantum efficiencies of the multiple photon detectors, and a second equalizing means that equalizes the other ones without affecting the equalization by the first equalizing means.

Abstract translation: （对象）提供能够均衡多个光子检测器的量子效率和暗计数概率的光接收器及其控制方法。 （解决方案）光接收机包括多个光子检测器，第一均衡装置，其均衡多个光子检测器的暗计数概率或量子效率;以及第二均衡装置，其在不影响第一均衡装置的均衡的情况下均衡其他光子检测器 。

公开(公告)号：US09029774B2

公开(公告)日：2015-05-12

申请号：US13881274

申请日：2011-06-28

Applicant: Abdessattar Bouzid ,  Sung Wook Moon ,  Dong Hoon Yi ,  Se Min Kim

Inventor： Abdessattar Bouzid ,  Sung Wook Moon ,  Dong Hoon Yi ,  Se Min Kim

IPC: G01J5/20 ,  H01L31/09 ,  G01J1/44

CPC classification number: H01L31/09 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01J2001/4466

Abstract: The present invention relates to a single photon detector (SPD) at telecom wavelength of 1.55 μm based on InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD). In order to operate the SPD at a low after-pulse noise, a DC bias voltage lower than the breakdown voltage is applied to an InGaAs/InP APD. A bipolar rectangular gating signal is superimposed with the DC bias voltage and applied to the APD so as to exceed the breakdown voltage during the gate-on time of each period of the gate signal. The use of the bipolar rectangular gating signal enabling us to operate the APD well below the breakdown voltage during the gate-off time, thereby make the release of the trapped charge carriers faster and then reduces the after-pulse noise. As a result, it permits to increase the repetition rate of the SPD.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及基于InGaAs / InP雪崩光电二极管（APD）的电信波长为1.55μm的单光子检测器（SPD）。 为了在低后脉冲噪声下操作SPD，将低于击穿电压的DC偏置电压施加到InGaAs / InP APD。 双极矩形门控信号与直流偏置电压叠加并施加到APD，以便在栅极信号的每个周期的栅极导通时间内超过击穿电压。 使用双极矩形门控信号，使得我们能够在栅极截止时间内将APD远低于击穿电压，从而使捕获的电荷载体更快地释放，然后降低脉冲后噪声。 结果，它允许增加SPD的重复率。

公开(公告)号：US09012860B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-21

申请号：US13891513

申请日：2013-05-10

Applicant: Princeton Lightwave, Inc.

Inventor： Bruce Mitchell Nyman ,  Mark Allen Itzler

IPC: H01L31/107 ,  G01J1/44 ,  H01L31/02

CPC classification number: H01L31/107 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  H01L31/02027

Abstract: A single-photon receiver is presented. The receiver comprises two SPADs that are monolithically integrated on the same semiconductor chip. Each SPAD is biased with a substantially identical gating signal. The output signals of the SPADs are combined such that capacitive transients present on each output signal cancel to substantially remove them from the output signal from the receiver.

Abstract translation: 提出了单光子接收器。 接收机包括两个单片集成在同一半导体芯片上的SPAD。 每个SPAD以基本相同的门控信号偏置。 SPAD的输出信号被组合，使得存在于每个输出信号上的电容性瞬变被抵消以从接收器的输出信号基本上将它们移除。

公开(公告)号：US20150063671A1

公开(公告)日：2015-03-05

申请号：US14014726

申请日：2013-08-30

Applicant: General Electric Company

Inventor： Arie Shahar ,  Eliezer Traub ,  Peter Rusian ,  Yaron Glazer ,  Danny Magal ,  Zeev Gerber

IPC: G01T1/164

CPC classification number: G01J1/4228 ,  G01J2001/442 ,  G01T1/164 ,  G01T1/1647

Abstract: A system includes a detector and a processing module. The detector includes pixels configured to detect an event corresponding to energy from a radiopharmaceutical. The processing module is configured to receive a request for each pixel that detects energy during a reading cycle. The processing module is configured to determine an energy level for each requesting pixel. For each requesting pixel, the processing module is configured to count the event when the energy level corresponds to an energy of the radiopharmaceutical, and to determine a combined energy level of the pixel and at least one adjacent pixel when the energy level does not correspond. The processing module is configured to count the event when the combined energy level corresponds to the energy of the radiopharmaceutical, and to disregard the event when the combined energy level does not correspond to the energy of the radiopharmaceutical.

Abstract translation: 系统包括检测器和处理模块。 检测器包括被配置为检测与来自放射性药物的能量相对应的事件的像素。 处理模块被配置为接收在读取周期期间检测能量的每个像素的请求。 处理模块被配置为确定每个请求像素的能级。 对于每个请求像素，处理模块被配置为当能级对应于放射性药物的能量时对事件进行计数，并且当能级不对应时确定像素和至少一个相邻像素的组合能级。 所述处理模块被配置为当所述组合能级对应于所述放射性药物的能量时对所述事件进行计数，以及当所述组合能级与所述放射性药物的能量不对应时，忽视所述事件。