公开(公告)号：US6069696A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-30

申请号：US663324

申请日：1996-06-07

Applicant: Alexander M. McQueen ,  Craig D. Cherry ,  Joseph F. Rando ,  Matt D. Schler ,  David L. Latimer ,  Steven A. McMahon ,  Randy J. Turkal ,  Brad R. Reddersen

Inventor： Alexander M. McQueen ,  Craig D. Cherry ,  Joseph F. Rando ,  Matt D. Schler ,  David L. Latimer ,  Steven A. McMahon ,  Randy J. Turkal ,  Brad R. Reddersen

IPC: G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/20 ,  G01J3/28

CPC classification number: G06K9/20 ,  G01G19/4144 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/501 ,  G01J3/502 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G06K9/00496 ,  G06K2209/17

Abstract: An object recognition system comprises a sensing apparatus for collecting light reflected from objects presented at a point-of-sale machine. The sensing apparatus includes a mechanism, such as a holographic disk or diffraction grating, for separating the color components of the light reflected from the object and directing, the color components onto an optical detector such as a two-dimensional imaging array, or a one-dimensional imaging array or single photo-sensitive optical cell used in conjunction with a rotating mirror. A pattern recognizer compares the spectral response, including the locations, amplitudes and widths of energy peaks of the different color components, against premeasured characteristics of known objects in order to classify the object. The weight of the object can be measured with a scale, and the density of the object calculated, with the weight and density being used by the pattern recognizer to further classify the object. In one embodiment, a plurality of narrowband illumination sources are operated in time-sequential manner, each illuminating with a different wavelength band of light, in order to allow separate color measurements. The object recognition system may be integrated in a single unit along with an optical code reader, and may share all or part of the same exit aperture therewith. The object recognition system may include thermal detection or a particle source and secondary emission detection device, either alone or in conjunction with other object recognition means.

Abstract translation: 物体识别系统包括用于收集在销售点机器处呈现的物体反射的光的感测装置。 感测装置包括诸如全息盘或衍射光栅的机构，用于分离从物体反射的光的颜色分量，并将颜色分量引导到诸如二维成像阵列的光学检测器或一个 与旋转镜结合使用的三维成像阵列或单个光敏光学单元。 模式识别器将光谱响应（包括不同颜色分量的能量峰值的位置，幅度和宽度）与已知对象的预测特性进行比较，以便对对象进行分类。 可以用刻度来测量物体的重量，并且通过图案识别器使用的重量和密度来计算物体的密度，以进一步分类物体。 在一个实施例中，多个窄带照明源以时间顺序的方式操作，每个以不同的波长带光照射，以便允许单独的颜色测量。 对象识别系统可以与光学代码读取器一起集成在单个单元中，并且可以与其共享相同的出口孔的全部或部分。 物体识别系统可以包括单独的或与其他物体识别装置结合的热检测或粒子源和二次排放检测装置。

公开(公告)号：US6020583A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-01

申请号：US59955

申请日：1998-04-14

Applicant: Eric Walowit ,  Ronald J. Duke ,  Victor L. Iseli ,  Long B. Sam ,  Michael J. Vrhel

Inventor： Eric Walowit ,  Ronald J. Duke ,  Victor L. Iseli ,  Long B. Sam ,  Michael J. Vrhel

IPC: G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/46 ,  G01J3/50

CPC classification number: G01J3/46 ,  G01J3/0251 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/465 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/501 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J3/0272

Abstract: A sensor for measuring reflective, transmissive, or self-luminous samples, comprises a plurality of light sources, where each of the light sources emit light of a substantially different wavelength band spaced in the visible spectrum; a reference channel photodetector; a sample channel photodetector; an optical cap adapted to direct a first portion of the light emitted by each of the light sources to the reference channel photodetector; a reflector cone for directing a second portion of the light emitted by each of the light sources to the sample; and a receptor piece for directing the diffuse portion of the light reflected from the sample to the sample channel photodetector. Preferably, the reference channel and sample channel photodetectors are identical devices and are mounted back-to-back to share environmental characteristics, and in turn, minimize the variation between their respective responses. The sensor is preferably incorporated into a hand-held "mouse" device, which includes an area on its top surface for seating an index finger of the human hand. Positioned within this area is a pressure-activated switch that is operatively coupled to the sensor circuitry for performing the various readings. And the sensor is preferably mounted into the mouse device such that the focal aperture of the downward pointing reflector cone is in axial alignment with the pressure-activated switch. Accordingly, a user will be able to use the mouse to "point" with his or her index finger to an area of the sample surface, and will then simply press the switch using the same index finger.

Abstract translation: 用于测量反射，透射或自发光样品的传感器包括多个光源，其中每个光源发射在可见光谱中间隔开的基本不同的波长带的光; 参考通道光电检测器; 样品通道光电检测器; 适于将由每个光源发射的光的第一部分引导到参考通道光电检测器的光学帽; 用于将由每个光源发射的光的第二部分引导到样品的反射器锥体; 以及用于将从样品反射的光的漫射部分引导到样品通道光电检测器的接收器片。 优选地，参考通道和采样通道光电检测器是相同的装置，并且背对背地安装以分享环境特性，并且进而使其各自响应之间的变化最小化。 传感器优选地并入到手持式“鼠标”装置中，该装置包括在其顶部表面上用于放置人的食指的区域。 位于该区域内的是压力启动开关，其可操作地耦合到传感器电路，用于执行各种读数。 并且传感器优选地安装到鼠标装置中，使得向下指示的反射器锥体的焦点孔与压力启动的开关轴向对准。 因此，用户将能够使用鼠标将他或她的食指“指向”到样品表面的区域，然后将简单地使用相同的食指按压开关。

公开(公告)号：US5793035A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-11

申请号：US626857

申请日：1996-04-03

Applicant: James L. Beck ,  Malcolm L. Kinter

Inventor： James L. Beck ,  Malcolm L. Kinter

IPC: A01M7/00 ,  A01M21/00 ,  G01C3/08 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01N21/25 ,  H01J40/14

CPC classification number: A01M21/00 ,  A01M7/0089 ,  G01C3/085 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/0407 ,  G01J1/0422 ,  G01J1/0437 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/501 ,  G01N21/255 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01N2021/8466

Abstract: Weeds growing around the bases of the stalks of cotton plants growing in a row in a cotton field are sprayed with herbicide without spraying the cotton stalks or wasting herbicide on bare ground. The cotton plants are adequately mature that their stalks exhibit a significantly different spectral reflectance characteristic than the weeds typically growing amid the cotton. The cotton plants are adequately tall that the majority of the leaves of the cotton plants are disposed outside the area which can be sprayed using an electronically-controlled valve and nozzle. Light is transmitted toward an object (a cotton stalk, a weed, or soil) in the row and the reflected light is analyzed. If the object has a spectral characteristic of a growing weed, then the valve is activated and the object is sprayed with herbicide. If the object does not have the spectral characteristic of a growing weed (such as the spectral characteristic of a woody cotton stalk or of soil), then the valve is not activated and the object is not sprayed with herbicide.

Abstract translation: 在棉花田中连续生长的棉花植物茎基部生长的杂草用除草剂喷洒，而不会在裸露的地面上喷洒棉花秸秆或消除除草剂。 棉花植物已经充分成熟，它们的茎表现出与通常在棉花中生长的杂草显着不同的光谱反射率特征。 棉花植物足够高，棉花植物的大部分叶子被放置在可以使用电子控制的阀和喷嘴喷射的区域之外。 光朝向该行中的物体（棉秆，杂草或土壤）传递，并且分析反射光。 如果物体具有不断增长的杂草的光谱特征，则阀被激活，物体用除草剂喷洒。 如果物体不具有不断增长的杂草的光谱特征（例如木质棉花秆或土壤的光谱特征），则阀门不被激活，物体不被除草剂喷洒。

公开(公告)号：US5537211A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-16

申请号：US372228

申请日：1995-01-13

Applicant: Oliver E. Dial

Inventor： Oliver E. Dial

IPC: G01J3/52 ,  G01J3/46

CPC classification number: G01J3/528 ,  G01J3/524 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/501

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selecting wearables, such as cosmetics and clothing accessories, which match an object of interest, includes control logic for selecting an appropriate wearable based on a metric determined by light reflected from the object. Light is transmitted by an input device which also detects the reflected light. The input device is connected to the control logic which determines a metric and compares the metric to predetermined data corresponding to each of the available wearables. The selected wearable is indicated to a customer by an output device also connected to the control logic. The output device may include a light corresponding to each available wearable, or a mechanical machine which provides the selected wearable or a sample of the selected wearable to the customer. In one embodiment the apparatus is utilized to match the color of a cosmetic foundation make-up to the color of the customer's skin.

Abstract translation: 用于选择与感兴趣对象相匹配的可穿戴物品（例如化妆品和衣服配件）的方法和装置包括用于根据从物体反射的光确定的度量来选择合适的穿戴者的控制逻辑。 光也由也检测反射光的输入装置传输。 输入设备连接到控制逻辑，该控制逻辑确定度量并将度量与对应于每个可用可穿戴物的预定数据进行比较。 被选择的穿戴者可以通过也连接到控制逻辑的输出装置向客户指示。 输出设备可以包括对应于每个可用的可穿戴者的光，或者提供所选择的穿戴者或所选择的可穿戴者的样品给顾客的机械机器。 在一个实施例中，该装置用于将化妆品底妆的颜色与顾客皮肤的颜色相匹配。

公开(公告)号：US5389781A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-14

申请号：US149867

申请日：1993-11-10

Applicant: Jim Beck ,  Tom Vyse

Inventor： Jim Beck ,  Tom Vyse

IPC: A01M7/00 ,  A01M21/00 ,  G01J1/04 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01N21/27

CPC classification number: G01J3/50 ,  A01M21/00 ,  A01M7/0089 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/501 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01J3/0229

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided for selectively eliminating weeds in agriculture operations. To provide selective elimination, at least two light (radiation) emitters, powered by an internal power source, are modulated to switch on and off at very high speeds. Each emitter emits radiation of a different emitter wavelength. The on/off modulation of one emitter is phase shifted by approximately 90.degree. with respect to the modulation of the other emitter. The pair of emitters are focused on a particular spot on the ground. The light beams, provided by the emitters, are reflected off a plant or the soil and are intercepted by a photodetector. Because plants have a characteristic spectral reflectance in regions of the electromagnetic spectrum which can be discriminated from the spectral reflectance of the background earth, the relative amplitudes of the reflected radiation at the two emitter wavelengths varies depending on whether the radiation is reflected off a plant or the soil. A ratio of the radiation at the two emitter wavelengths received by the photodetector is converted to a phase. This phase is compared to an initial reference phase of the modulation of one of the emitters. A controller uses this phase information to determine the presence or absence of a plant and then eliminates the weed.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于选择性地消除农业操作中的杂草的装置和方法。 为了提供选择性消除，由内部电源供电的至少两个光（辐射）发射器被调制以以非常高的速度接通和断开。 每个发射器发射不同发射波长的辐射。 一个发射极的开/关调制相对于另一个发射极的调制相移大约90°。 这对发射器聚焦在地面上的一个特定的地点上。 由发射器提供的光束从植物或土壤反射并被光电检测器截取。 由于植物在电磁波谱区域中具有特征光谱反射率，可以与背景地球的光谱反射率进行区分，所以两个发射波长处的反射辐射的相对幅度取决于辐射是否从植物反射而变化 土壤。 由光电检测器接收的两个发射波长处的辐射比被转换成相位。 将该相位与发射器之一的调制的初始参考相位进行比较。 控制器使用该相位信息来确定植物的存在或不存在，然后消除杂草。

公开(公告)号：US5231461A

公开(公告)日：1993-07-27

申请号：US805244

申请日：1991-12-09

Applicant: Peter R. Silvergate ,  Edward F. Zalewski

Inventor： Peter R. Silvergate ,  Edward F. Zalewski

IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/51

CPC classification number: G01J3/2823 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01J3/513 ,  G01J2003/1213 ,  G01J2003/2826 ,  G01J2003/2866 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/501

Abstract: A method and system for calibrating color filters employed in polychromatic imaging of a subject includes a scanning mirror (28), telescope (30), filters (104), and a detector array (60) employed for both imaging and calibration processes. A bundle (44) of optical fibers is employed for producing a slit-shaped beam of solar rays which are collimated and applied to a diffraction grating plate (54) or prism (72) to produce a set of dispersed solar rays. The dispersion is based on color. In one position of the scanning mirror, rays from a subject (12) to provide an image are directed through the telescope and scanned across the filters (104) and detectors (102). In another position of the scanning mirror, the set of dispersed solar rays is scanned past the filters and the detectors. Imaging data outputted by the detectors is collected for producing an image (112) of the subject. Data of the dispersed rays is collected for calibrating the color filters. A stored reference color profile (92) of each filter is correlated with the calibration data ( 90) to obtain a set of correction terms which are employed for altering the image data to compensate for any drift in the color characteristics of the filters. A broad band detector detects Fraunhofer spectral lines to serve as a reference standard wavelength for alignment of the system.

Abstract translation: 用于校准用于对象的多色成像中的滤色器的方法和系统包括用于成像和校准过程的扫描镜（28），望远镜（30），滤光片（104）和检测器阵列（60）。 使用光纤束（44）产生准直并施加到衍射光栅板（54）或棱镜（72）的太阳光线的狭缝状光束，以产生一组分散的太阳光线。 色散基于颜色。 在扫描镜的一个位置，来自被摄体（12）的用于提供图像的光线被引导通过望远镜并扫过过滤器（104）和检测器（102）。 在扫描反射镜的另一个位置，分散的太阳射线被扫描通过过滤器和检测器。 收集由检测器输出的成像数据，以产生被摄体的图像（112）。 收集分散光线的数据以校准滤色器。 每个滤波器的存储的参考颜色分布（92）与校准数据（90）相关联，以获得用于改变图像数据以补偿滤波器的颜色特性中的任何漂移的校正项集合。 宽带检测器检测弗劳恩霍夫谱线，用作系统对准的参考标准波长。

公开(公告)号：US5021645A

公开(公告)日：1991-06-04

申请号：US378570

申请日：1989-07-11

Applicant: Keith O. Satula ,  Russell P. Schuchmann ,  Eugene F. Duncan

Inventor： Keith O. Satula ,  Russell P. Schuchmann ,  Eugene F. Duncan

IPC: B07C5/342 ,  G01J3/46 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/51 ,  G01N21/95

CPC classification number: G01J3/50 ,  B07C5/342 ,  G01J3/501 ,  G01J2003/466 ,  G01N21/9508

Abstract: A device for photoelectrically sensing the color of a target object includes two more light sources having different characteristic ranges of chromaticity and at least one photosensitive element which receives light from the light sources after it has reflected off of the target object. A logic circuit serves to serially energize the light sources and receive resultant sample signals from the photosensitive elements. The logic circuit then generates a resultant signal as a function of the various sample signals and compares the resultant signal with a predetermined reference standard. If the difference therebetween exceeds a tolerance limit, the control circuit will output a reject signal.

Abstract translation: 用于光电检测目标物体的颜色的装置包括具有不同特征色度范围的两个光源和至少一个光敏元件，该光敏元件在其被反射出目标物体之后接收来自光源的光。 逻辑电路用于对光源进行串联激励并从感光元件接收合成的采样信号。 然后逻辑电路产生作为各种采样信号的函数的合成信号，并将结果信号与预定参考标准进行比较。 如果它们之间的差异超过容许限度，则控制电路将输出拒绝信号。

公开(公告)号：US4660975A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-28

申请号：US630605

申请日：1984-07-13

Applicant: John E. Aughton

Inventor： John E. Aughton

IPC: G02B26/00 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/14 ,  G01J3/46 ,  G02B26/02 ,  G02B26/06 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/32

CPC classification number: G01J3/14 ,  G01J3/46 ,  G01J2003/1278 ,  G01J3/501

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the spectral components of a light beam are described. The apparatus comprises means (3-7) for generating a collimated light beam; means (9) for dispersing the collimated beam; a mask (1) including an aperture (2) the size of which is such that a portion of the dispersed beam passes through the aperture in use; and movement means (not shown) for causing relative transverse movement between the light beam and the aperture. A memory (not shown) is provided for storing in use a profile of the relative transverse movement between the light beam and the aperture (2) required to obtain a desired spectral response in the transmitted light beam, the movement means being responsive to the stored profile to cause relative transverse movement in accordance with the predetermined profile.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于控制光束的光谱分量的方法和装置。 该装置包括用于产生准直光束的装置（3-7） 用于分散准直光束的装置（9）; 包括孔（2）的面罩（1），其尺寸使得分散束的一部分在使用中通过所述孔; 以及用于在光束和孔之间引起相对横向移动的移动装置（未示出）。 提供存储器（未示出），用于在使用中存储光束与在透射光束中获得期望的光谱响应所需的光圈（2）之间的相对横向移动的轮廓，该移动装置响应于所存储的 轮廓以根据预定轮廓引起相对横向移动。

公开(公告)号：US3916168A

公开(公告)日：1975-10-28

申请号：US40456073

申请日：1973-10-09

Applicant: MOBIL OIL CORP

Inventor： MCCARTY WILLIAM H ,  JONES KENNETH A

IPC: G01J3/46 ,  C09D7/00 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G06F15/06 ,  G06F15/46

CPC classification number: G01J3/50 ,  G01J3/0251 ,  G01J3/463 ,  G01J3/501 ,  G01J3/504 ,  G01J3/524

Abstract: In the selection of metallic paint pigments to color match a standard metallic paint coating, the tri-stimulus coordinates of the coating are measured at a plurality of different viewing angles with respect to the surface. A colorimeter has a rotating plaque holder. Incident light passes through blue, green or red filters. The light is reflected from the plaque and is detected by a photocell. By changing the angle of the plaque, tri-stimulus coordinates of the plaque are measured at different viewing angles. The total reflectance of the coating on the plaque is measured in a spectrophotometer. From the measured tri-stimulus coordinates and the measured total reflectance, the measured diffuse and angular reflectance of the coating on the plaque is obtained. A model which relates both the diffuse and the angular reflectance to the concentration of paint pigments is generated on an automatic data processor. Least square fitting between measured and predicted diffuse and angular reflectance is used. A formulation program generates the concentrations of pigments to be used in the initial batch. Thereafter, a shading program successively generates the changes in pigment concentrations which give the best least squares fit to the standard coating.

Abstract translation: 在选择金属涂料颜料以与标准金属涂料涂层相匹配时，涂层的三刺激坐标以相对于表面的多个不同的视角测量。 色度计有一个旋转的牌圈座。 入射光通过蓝色，绿色或红色滤光片。 光从斑块反射并被光电池检测。 通过改变斑块的角度，在不同的视角测量斑块的三刺激坐标。 在分光光度计中测量斑块上涂层的总反射率。 从测量的三刺激坐标和测量的总反射率，获得测量的涂层在斑块上的漫射和角度反射率。 在自动数据处理器上产生将漫射和角度反射率与涂料颜料的浓度相关联的模型。 使用测量和预测的漫反射和角度反射率之间的最小二乘拟合。 制剂程序产生在初始批次中使用的颜料浓度。 此后，阴影程序依次产生颜色浓度的变化，其给予标准涂层最佳最小二乘法。

公开(公告)号：US2960909A

公开(公告)日：1960-11-22

申请号：US63271057

申请日：1957-01-07

Applicant: SHIPLEY JR ROBERT M

Inventor： SHIPLEY JR ROBERT M

IPC: G01J3/51 ,  G01N21/87

CPC classification number: G01N21/87 ,  G01J3/501 ,  G01J3/51