Abstract:
The invention provides a fuel additive compound represented by the general formula (I) wherein n is zero or an integer from 1 to 20 and in each succinic acid moiety one of R1 and R3 is a C3—C80 internal olefin moiety, and the other of R1 and R3 is hydrogen. Additive compositions containing such compounds have low viscosity and are useful in increasing the lubricity of middle distillate fuels.
Abstract:
Heavy oil emulsions, comprising decant oils and No. 6, No. 5 and No. 4 oils, and water are stabilized by adding certain saccharide-based esters. Preferably, the saccharide-based esters are naturally-occurring saccharide esters such as gallotannins, saponin, red gum, and the like.
Abstract:
A middle distillate having a maximum um sulfur content of 0.05% by weight and containing fatty acid esters of alkoxylated polyols having at least 3 OH groups (A) and also at least one cold flow improver (B). The cold flow improver includes at least one copolymer of ethylene and one or more ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic esters having an ethylene portion of from 60 to 90 mol %.
Abstract:
A fuel composition of the present invention comprises (a) a diesel fuel, (b) ethanol, (c) a surfactant, and optionally (d) a combustion improver. Methods employ the fuel composition of the present invention to provide a stable fuel composition, to improve lubricity of a fuel composition and to reduce exhaust emissions of a compression-ignited internal combustion engine.
Abstract:
Diesel fuels, particularly low sulfur diesel fuels, contain additives which increase the lubricity in the fuel and reduce the amount of smoke in the exhaust. These additives are esters having a viscosity of 3.0 cSt to 20.0 cSt at 100.degree. C. and a smoke index of at least 75.
Abstract:
Fuel additives and fuel additive compositions are described comprising: (i) at least one fuel-soluble detergent/dispersant which is (a) a fuel-soluble salt, amide, imide, oxazoline and/or ester, or a mixture thereof, of a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon-substituted dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride, (b) a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon having a polyamine attached directly thereto, and/or (c) a Mannich condensation product formed by condensing a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon-substituted phenol with an aldehyde, and an amine; wherein the long chain hydrocarbon group in (a), (b) and (c) is a polymer of at least one C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 monoolefin, said polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least about 300; (ii) a fuel-soluble cyclopentadienyl complex of a transition metal; and (iii) a fuel-soluble liquid carrier or additive induction aid. These compositions in use enable surprising improvements in intake valve deposit control as well as other advantages.
Abstract:
A fuel additive having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 is amino, lower alkylamino or dialkylamino, or a polyamine radical; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl; x is an integer from 0 to 10; n is an integer from 0 to 100; and when n is 0 to 10, R.sub.5 is polyalkyl having an average molecular weight of 450 to 5,000; and when n is 5 to 100, R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or an acyl group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.6 is alkyl, phenyl, aralkyl or alkaryl.
Abstract:
Polymeric pour point depressants are described which are prepared from new esters of .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids of the formulaR.sub.1 --CO--[--O--A--CO--]--.sub.n ORwhereinR.sub.1 --CO-- is an .alpha.,.beta.-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid residue containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms,R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing from 10 to 24 carbon atoms,--[--O--A--CO--]-- is a residue of a hydroxycarboxylic acid having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms,A is an aliphatic radical having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, andn is a number having a value of from 1 to 18.
Abstract:
Certain high boiling (e.g. above 600.degree. F) fuel oils, such as atmospheric residua fuel oils, and vacuum distillate fuels, e.g., flash distillate oils, vacuum bottoms, and various fuel blends containing said oils, which are deficient in an asphaltene component can be made more responsive to polymeric flow improvers by treating them with certain asphaltene materials. These asphaltene materials may be added either directly to the oil or first combined with the flow improver and the combination added to the oil. The polymeric flow improvers are polymers having long linear side chains. The asphaltene materials added to the oil, will generally have a heptane precipitatable asphaltene content of 5 to 100% by weight and can either be asphaltenes per se, or an oil fraction high in asphaltenes.