Abstract:
A measurement system includes an optical source (e.g., laser) to irradiate a sample (e.g., a cell); a solid-state photon detector (SSPD) to receive resultant light from the sample; and a photon counter to count photons received by the SSPD. The photon counter can include a differentiator to provide a differentiated photon signal and a crossing detector configured to count photons based on a number of times the differentiated photon signal crosses a predetermined threshold level. In some examples, a pulse detector can provide a pulse-width signal from the SSPD output photon signal, and a pulse counter can count based on both a number of pulses and widths of the pulses. The SSPD can include a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array or a solid-state photomultiplier. Some examples use the measurement system to measure samples in fluids, e.g., in flow cytometers or multi-well plates.
Abstract:
A liquid measuring system (LMS) comprising: a light source; a multi-region optical filter (MROF); a sample cell configured to contain a liquid sample; an optical detection subsystem (ODS) having an optical detector for measuring optical properties of light emanating from the liquid sample. The MROF may include a spectral filter region such as a bandpass or a long-pass filter type region, and natural density (ND) type filter region, for enabling simultaneous optical measuring at least of turbidity level and algae concentration in a water sample contained by the sample cell, by having light passed through the water sample and the MROF before reaching the optical detector of the ODS. Embodiments of the MROFs may be also used, for example for selective spectral attenuation of light illuminating the liquid sample to achieve reduction in distortions due to stray light.
Abstract:
Using an optical electric field enhancing device including a fine uneven structure made of gold formed on the front surface of a transparent substrate, illumination light of a wavelength in the range from 400 to 530 nm is applied at least to an analyte, positional information of the analyte is detected by a position detection unit disposed on the rear surface side of the optical electric field enhancing device, and excitation light is applied to the detected position by an excitation light application unit. Signal light emitted from the analyte when the excitation light is applied is detected from the rear surface side of the transparent substrate.
Abstract:
A Raman edge filter and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein in order to obtain a Raman spectrum for compound analysis in a Raman spectrometer using a deep-ultraviolet ray (UV) laser, the Raman edge filter functions to eliminate a deep-UV laser wavelength, which is a light source, and to transmit Raman scattered light.
Abstract:
A method for determining spectral calibration data (λcal(Sd), Sd,cal(λ)) of a Fabry-Perot interferometer (100) comprises: forming a plurality of filtered spectral peaks (P′1, P′2) by filtering input light (LB1) with a Fabry-Perot etalon (50) such that a first filtered peak (P′1) corresponds to a first transmittance peak (P1) of the etalon (50), and such that a second filtered peak (P′2) corresponds to a second transmittance peak (P1) of the etalon (50), using the Fabry-Perot interferometer (100) for measuring a spectral intensity distribution (M(Sd)) of the filtered spectral peaks (P′1, P′2), wherein the spectral intensity distribution (M(Sd)) is measured by varying the mirror gap (dFP) of the Fabry-Perot interferometer (100), and by providing a control signal (Sd) indicative of the mirror gap (dFP), and determining the spectral calibration data (λcal(Sd), Sd,cal(λ)) by matching the measured spectral intensity distribution (M(Sd)) with the spectral transmittance (TE(λ)) of the etalon (50).
Abstract:
A transmission-reflectance swappable Raman device and a method thereof are disclosed. The excitation light is selectively directed to the sample in one direction for generating the transmission Raman signal in transmission mode or in another direction for generating the reflectance Raman signal in reflectance mode. The content of an analyte in a sample can be determined by analyzing transmission and reflectance Raman signal.
Abstract:
Apparatuses and systems for analyzing light by mode interference are provided. An example of an apparatus for analyzing light by mode interference includes a number of waveguides to support in a multimode region two modes of the light of a particular polarization and a plurality of scattering objects offset from a center of at least one of the number of waveguides.
Abstract:
An apparatus for ultrasensitive long-wave imaging cameras is provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a filter configured to allow high frequencies of interest to pass through the filter. The apparatus also includes an antenna that is configured to receive the high frequencies of interest. The apparatus further includes a plurality of bolometers that are configured to measure data regarding the high frequencies of interest.
Abstract:
Apparatuses and systems for analyzing light by mode interference are provided. An example of an apparatus for analyzing light by mode interference includes a number of waveguides to support in a multimode region two modes of the light of a particular polarization and a plurality of scattering objects offset from a center of at least one of the number of waveguides.
Abstract:
A Raman analyzer for analyzing light emitted from a Raman cell is provided that has a beam splitter configured to split the light emitted from the Raman cell into a first beam and a second beam. An atomic vapor filter can be used to filter a Raman scattered line from the first beam and a chopper system can periodically interrupt the first and second beams that are directed towards a photo detector, which can convert light from the first and second beams into an electrical signal. The signal output from the photo detector can optionally be amplified, digitized, Fourier filtered, and/or subjected to Fourier analysis.