Abstract:
Spectroscopic determination of the degree of cross-linking at different depths in cured pressure-sensitive adhesive layers of cross-linkable oligomeric or polymeric compounds (I) and radiation-sensitive photo-initiators (II) is carried out by confocal Raman or fluorescence spectroscopy. Also claimed is the apparatus used.
Abstract:
The method uses a laser light source (1) for illuminating the sample (10), with detection of the Raman dispersed light and division into its spectral lines via a grid spectrograph (6). The intensity of at least one spectral line is measured at least 10 times per second using a photodetector (8), with fluctuation analysis, autocorrelation, or frequency analysis of the measured intensity values.
Abstract:
A layer of non-linear optical (NLO) material protected against attack, especially by atmospheric oxygen, having an anti-diffusion coating, at least on one side.
Abstract:
The method uses a laser light source (1) for illuminating the sample (10), with detection of the Raman dispersed light and division into its spectral lines via a grid spectrograph (6). The intensity of at least one spectral line is measured at least 10 times per second using a photodetector (8), with fluctuation analysis, autocorrelation, or frequency analysis of the measured intensity values.
Abstract:
The use of polyselenophenes as non-linear optical materials is novel. The use of a polyselenophene(s)containing units of formula (I) and/or (II) as non-linear optical material is claimed: -A-(III) -A=A-(IV) -A=A-A=A-(V) -A(H)-A=A-(VI)X and Y = H, provided that not both are H, 1-22C alkyl,alkoxy(alkyl) or (thio)acyl(oxy), 5-8C cycloalkyl or heterocycle,6-18C aryl, all optionally substituted with 1-22C alkyl,alkoxy(alkyl) or (thio)acyl, NO2, or NHR1;R1 = H, 1-22C alkyl, alkoxy(alkyl) or (thio)acyl;X and Y can also form a ring containing N, O, S and/or P and optionally substituted by Z;Z = as X and Y or two form a group of formulae (III)-(VI); and A = C, N and/or P and, if C, carries either a H atom or is substituted as for X and Y. Independent claims are included for the use of a composition comprising a polyselenophene(s) as above and a further polymer(s)as non-linear optical material, a non-linear optical material comprising the above polyselenophene(s) or composition and the use of a film or sheet containing the above polyselenophene(s) or composition as a non-linear optical material POLYMERS - Polyselenophene contains units of formula(VII) and/or (VIII) and unit (II) is from groups of formulae(IIa)-(IIg) (claimed): n and k = 1-10;l = 1-3000; and R2 = CHR12 or CH2R.The polyselenophene is prepared by reacting (i)2,5-dihaloselenophenes or 2,5-ditriflateselenophenes with a trialkyl tin-substituted selenophene derivative with units of formula (II), in the presence of Pd(O) or Pd(II) complexes; or(ii) 2,5-bis(trialkyl tin)selenophene with a halogen- or trialkyltin-substituted selenophene derivative, with units of formula(II), in the presence of Pd(O) or Pd(II) complexes.
Abstract:
Assembly applies a laser-induced two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (TPA-FCS) process to a sample. The novelty is that a number of volumes (6) are defined within the assembly, into which samples (3) are introduced and which are agitated by a single laser (1) and simultaneously observed. Also claimed is that the laser beam (1) is modified to incorporate several focus ranges, esp. ≥ 1 of
Abstract:
Compsns. contg.: metal particles (I) with a no. average dia. less than 100 nm; polymers (II) based on vinyl acetate, vinyl amine, vinylimidazole, vinyl pyrrolidone, acrylamides and/or acrylimides; and polymers (III) with nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and/or their monomers or oligomers; are claimed. Also claimed are: (i) a method of producing the compsns. by: (a) reducing metal salts to (I) in the presence of a solvent and dissolved (II) and spray drying the redn. mixt.; and (b) mixing the dried material with (III) or mixing with (III) precursors and polymerisation, then processing the mixt.; (ii) the use of the compsns. for making coatings, films, sheets or mouldings; and (iii) the coatings, films, sheets or mouldings per se.
Abstract:
New star-shaped polyenes are of formula (I): A = 6-30C aromatic ring system or heteroaromatic ring system contg. N, O or S as hetero-atom; R1-3 = polyenes with 2-50 double bonds. New polymeric star-shaped polyenes (II) obtd. by crosslinking some (I), and the prepn. (I) and (II) are also claimed. USE/ADVANTAGE - (I) and (II) are used as electroconductive materials (claimed). (I) are soluble and their substits. can have definite orientation, making them of particular interest in the optical and optoelectronics fields. They are suitable for incorporation in high mol. systems with definite structure.